Don't Forget Your Vitamins

Is it really beneficial to take vitamin pills on a regular basis?
怎樣吃最健康 - 定期服用維生素丸劑真的對人有益嗎？

Christopher and Shelly are chatting at they leave the office after work.
Christopher: I'm hungry! Do you want to go to the burger place and get something to eat?
Shelly: Sure. But I need to stop at the drugstore first. I need some vitamins.
Christopher: Why do you want to waste your money? Vitamin pills don't really help you.
Shelly: Chris, that's not true! Actually more people should take them because they play a vital role in good health.
Christopher: How?
Shelly: Many people don't eat healthy food and don't have a balanced diet. So a vitamin pill can provide some of the missing nutrients.
Christopher: I read, though, that it's better to get all your nutrients from food, not from pills.
Shelly: That's right. But a lot of people eat like you!
Christopher: What does that mean?
Shelly: Your diet consists of fast food and soft drinks. That's not healthy!
Christopher: Well...even if I wanted to take vitamins, it's too confusing with so many to choose from. How would I know which one to take?
Shelly: Check with your doctor.
Christopher: Why.
Shelly: For instance. Vitamin A is good for your eyes, Vitamin C helps your body heal, and Vitamin D strengthens your bones. And the list goes on. Your doctor can help you figure out what you really need.
Christopher: Maybe. But I still don't want to take too many pills.
Shelly: Well, a good start would be a multi-vitamin. It has lots of vitamins and minerals in it.
Christopher: I used to take multi-vitamins as a kid.
Shelly: Many kids do since they don't eat right.
Christopher: Which brings us back to may point that people should eat right. They need a healthy diet. Taking vitamins and other supplements is not a good substitute for a healthy diet.
Shelly: I know. But people don't always eat what they should. You're hungry- and where do you plan to go and eat?
Christopher: A burger place. But burgers are a good source of protein. Your body needs that.
Shelly: Burgers don't contain many of the necessary nutrients for your body.
Christopher: OK, then let's go and eat salad.
Shelly: Just take vitamins. That's easier. And vitamin pills are more concentrated, too.
Christopher: You get lots of each vitamin in a pill. But too much of one kind of vitamin isn't good for you.
Shelly: True. Too much of some vitamins can cause problems. But the amounts in multi-vitamins are just fine.
Christopher: Maybe. But I'm still hungry.Let's get something to eat at the Salad Palace.
Shelly: OK, but I'm still going to stop at the drugstore first.

Grammar Gym:
"And the list goes on." - the speaker could say more or give more examples, but choose not to.
Old Mr. Lee always complains whenever he's sick: The weather is either too hot or too cold, his back hurts, his allergies are bothering him- and the list goes on.
There's always so much to do during the holiday season: Presents to buy, decorations to put up, parties to plan, activities to attend - and the list goes on.
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"Which brings us back to my point." - what was just said matches or supports a point that the speaker has mentioned earlier.
Everyone seems to think this project is worth doing. However, people are worried about spending too much money which brings us back to my point of needing to choose projects that are not too costly.
There are so many places that we can go and visit when we're in Rome which brings us back to my point that if we want to make the most of our time there, we need to plan carefully.

Vocabulary Tips:
vital - 至关重要的。极其重要的。不可或缺的。"vit"-有‘生命’之意。
*The witness gave vital information about the suspect to the police.
vital "to" someone.-对谁很重要用"to"。
*Exercise, a healthy diet and sufficient sleep are vital to one's health.
nutrient (n)-营养物，养分。
*The soil is rich in nutrients which are essential for plants.
*Calcium and iron are the nutrients that expecting moms need most.怀孕的母亲们。。
nutritious (adj) -有营养的。
*Mom's food is not only nutritious but also tasty.
consist - contain, with.-包含，含有。
consist of - with what use "of", consist of. consist and of always go together.
*The conference consists of seminars and workshops.
*The job consists of traveling and making presentations
*The board consists of twelve members.
strengthen -加强，强化，巩固。 "strength "-力量。
*the structure of this old church needs to be strengthened.
*Security procedures for our computers were strengthened to protect the bank's data.
diet - eat and drink of normal food. 饮食。
balance diet- 均衡的饮食。
healthy diet- 健康饮食。
on diet - eat and drink certain food and watch the amount of calories and volume take in. I am dieting, I am on diet. 节制饮食。
too many ....to choose from - there are many something for you to choose from.
substitute -替代，代替的人或东西。
substitute for - 代替for 某个人或某样东西。
*We need to find a substitute for tonight's performer. He called in sick today.
*Yogurt is a good substitute for sour cream because it is low in fat.
protein -蛋白质。
*Athletes need to eat a high protein diet to build their muscles.
*Soybean milk is rich in protein.
*White meat such as chicken and fish are good sources of protein.
contain -包含，含有，容纳。
*Burgers don't contain many of the nutrients your body needs.
*The energy drink contains a Vitamin B complex and vitamin C.
container - something that can contain things.容器。
airtight containers -真空容器。
concentrate -集中，浓缩。
*Most of the country's population is concentrated in the coastal areas.
concentrated (adj) -浓缩的，集中地。
concentrated juice.浓缩果汁。
*We finished the project with concentrated effort.全神贯注的。。
multi- something - "multi" - more than one, many. multi-color, multi-task, multi-Vitamins.
multi task - 多重的工作项目。"task" -工作事项。
*Mom is a multi-task position, she need to do a lot of things at the same time.
used to do something as a (something) kid, student.....-when you are as a kid you were doing something.
a good source of something (education, entertainment....)
too much of something can be bad for you - something is good but when you take too much it will be not good for you, may hurt you.
*Water or salt is good for you, but if you take too much or too quickly, it can be bad for your health.
just fine - it's okay, not bad.
supplement - extra, add to it.
regular basis - routine, daily basis, weekly basis etc.


Language Tips:
take medicine - not "eat medicine" -吃药。
take -有“摄取，接受，服用“之意。
drink soup - if the soup is in a cup or thermos. use "drink"喝汤，汤盛在杯子里或保温杯内，美国人说drink soup。
eat soup - I eat my soup with my bread (bread deep in the soup) or use utensil to bring food into our mouth.  食物要用汤匙，叉子 或手等从碗里取出放入口中的，美国人才说“eat ”。
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burger place - a place serves hamburgers.
burger - refer to hamburger or cheeseburger in U.S.A. contains beef.
chicken or fish inside instead of beef we call " chicken sandwich, or fish sandwich" we don't call "chicken burger or fish burger" in U.S.A.
hamburger (countable noun) - refer to hamburger.
I want a hamburger.
hamburger ( uncountable noun) - refer to ground beef sales in supermarket. 碎绞牛肉
ground beef - grind beef to become ground beef. 碎绞牛肉。
grind -研磨。
ground - grind -研磨的过去式。


Notes taking of Studioclassroom

Betrayed!

What should you do when a friend betrays you?
被出賣！ -  當你發現被朋友出賣的時候，該怎麼辦？

Sara comes home to find her sister Kelly looking very upset.

Sara: You look miserable, Kelly, What's wrong?
Kelly: I told Veronica a secret, and she told it to everyone in school. Now all my classmates are talking about it and me!
Sara: That's awful! One time last year, I told my friend a secret. That's awful! One time last year, I told my friend a secret, and she posted it on Facebook for everyone to see.
Kelly: What did you do about it?
Sara: I knew a couple of secrets about her, so I started spreading them around our class. I'm sure you know something about Veronica that you could use to get revenge.
Kelly: Yeah, I do know some of Veronica's secrets but if I tell them. I'll be just like her. I don't know if I want to stoop to her level.
Sara: But she has been a terrible friend. Do you really want to keep being nice to her?
Kelly: Well, it is the right thing to do, Besides, if I remember right, your plan  to get revenge backfired.
Sara: Well, yes, a lot of our mutual friends did get mad at me and I developed a reputation for gossiping.
Kelly: That's why I don't know if trying to get revenge will help.
Sara :Well, you have to do something. Otherwise Veronica will keep taking advantage of you and telling your secrets.
Kelly: I don't know if I would say she's taking advantage of me. She probably just forgot that I told her to keep it secret.
Sara: That seems very unlikely. This is not the first time you've come home upset that Veronica betrayed your trust.
Kelly: Yeah, maybe you're right but I don't want to confront her. It might hurt our friendship.
Sara: So what kind of friendship is that? I know you don't like conflict, but you should still talk to her. You need to discourage her from doing this kind of thing in the future.
Kelly: Talking to her might help, but it also might make her really mad.
Sara: Why should she get mad? She's the one who's out of line! She needs to know you're upset. Not to mention, she owes you an apology!
Kelly: Thanks for the advice. I need to think a little bit more about how to handle this.
Sara: So, what was the secret anyway?

Grammar Gyms:
Not to mention, she owes you an apology!
"not to mention" - in addition to,  plus..
Roger didn't want to go running because he was lazy. Not to mention, it's raining too.
Let's not have seafood for dinner, it's expensive. Not to mention, some of us are allergic to seafood.

Vocabulary Tips:
miserable - feel terrible.悲惨的，难过的，痛苦的，很糟糕的。
*Richard has been miserable since he quit his job.
misery -痛苦或是不幸。
*These abandoned children live in misery.
revenge -pay someone back.报仇，复仇。
get revenge on someone for something -为某事而对某人复仇（向某人报仇）。
*The prince got revenge on the bad queen for trying to poison him.
avenge - help someone get revenge.
stoop to someone's level -lower yourself to go to the lower level.
stoop - lower your body and leg to go lower.半蹲。弯腰曲身。自甘堕落的去做某事。
squat - bend your knee completely let  your hip close to the ground.全蹲。蹲下来。
*I don't think Daniel will stoop to stealing. 我不信。。。自甘堕落的去偷窃。
mutual - both sides of the party.共同的。双方的。共有的。相互的。
*One of the secrets of a happy marriage is mutual respect.
*Their relationship was built on mutual interests only.
spread - spreading, spreading the butter on the bread, spreading the news, spread the gossipy.
It's a right things to do - it is may not enjoyable or present or you want, but you know what is the right thing to do. Someone near you didn't know he drop the money on the floor, you pick it up and returned to him. this is a right things to do.
Kelly's friend betray Kelly, to be still nice to her friend, it is a right thing to do for Kelly.
reputation for something - something that you get known by people.
take advantage of someone (negative)- 占人便宜，欺骗某人。占人好处。
take advantage ( positive) -利用其好处，优势等
advantage -好处，益处。利益。
*William used to take advantage of his friends, and he ended up losing them.
confront - to approach them and talk to them, share you feeling to discourage them to continue. not fight with them. 勇敢面对，勇敢对抗。
*Karen finally fond the courage to confront neighbor who was always stealing her newspaper.
*I get so nervous when confronted with strangers.面对陌生人会变得很紧张。
owe someone an apology - 欠某人一个道歉。
out of line - not doing what the boss told to do or do something that not been told to do.言行举止不当的。
*Victor was out of line when he quarreled with his teacher.
*Peggy was way out of line when she got mad at her boss at the meeting.
not to mention - 更不要提，更不要说
*Jack works day and night because he has three kids. Not to mention, he has to take care of his parents, too.
unlikely - does not seem that way, probably not true.
betray vs. betray one's trust - 
betray : you feel betray., someone betrayed you. You feel bad but not as bad as "betray one's trust."
betray one's trust - point out that the person who you trust and he/she says they would not do and do it to hurt you.  You feel hurt very bad.
discourage (v) - want someone not do it anymore. 不鼓励，叫停。阻止。
discourage (adj)- fell discourage when they lose the game. 灰心。


Language Tips:
well - not "noun", not "verb", not "adverb", not "adjective," is so called "particle", like "so", "yet", or "still" .... is language oil to keep the conversation or sentence smooth. is a connection of two sentences, make it more comfortable and smooth. is particle, conjunction, sentence connector and interjection.
particle -语助词。
conjunction -连接词。
sentence connector -句子连接词。
interjection -感叹词。
Well, it is the right thing to do. （所以说嘛，就是。。。）
Well, yes, a lot of our mutual friends did get mad at me and I developed a reputation for gossiping.
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italic -斜体字。
italicize -使用斜体字。 常用italicize 来代表可以独立存在的事物名称， 如书名，小说，报纸，电影，电视剧，或交通工具等名字。
Why should she get mad? 说话的（特别强调或加重）语气

Do You Want A Dog?

Owning a dog can be fun, but it's also a lot of work
想養狗嗎？ 養狗雖然充滿樂趣，卻也很花工夫.

Terry: I just love dogs. I think I want to get one.
Carol: That's a pretty big decision. Why do you want a dog?
Terry: I've always loved dogs. When I was a child, our dog Scooby went everywhere with me.
Carol: Dogs make great pets because they're so loyal to their owners.
Terry: You know I live by myself and sometimes I feel lonely. A dog would be good company.
Carol: Some dogs are good at defending their owners, too. Since you live alone, it might be helpful to have a dog that will bark and scare away burglars.
Terry: Plus, I could take the dog on walks. It would get me out of the house.
Carol: That's good exercise for both of you! I definitely need motivation for more exercise. Caring for a dog would help me with that. I love seeing people walk their dogs in the park.
Terry: Some of the owners let me pet their dogs, but of course, I always ask first! Many dogs are friendly and social. That's another reason I want a dog - I'd like a cute, cuddly companion that makes people smile!
Carol: But dogs are a lot of work, too.
Terry:  Yes. Owning a dog isn't all fun and games. Cleaning up after them - and keeping them clean - can be a chore.
Carol: I've heard that some dogs shed a lot. And some bark a lot and chew on your things.
Terry: True. They can really get into trouble. I'll need to train my dog well! I know it will take time and commitment.
Carol: And you need to take the dog's happiness into account Your're not planning to get a big dog, are you? Your apartment isn't that large. And a friend told me that her dog was unhappy because it was confined all day.
Terry: A small dog would be happy in my apartment. Definitely not a big one! I do work, but I plan to go home to walk it at lunch.
Carol: That's good. Also, don't forget how much it costs!
Terry: I'm thinking about adopting a dog from the animal shelter.
Carol: Adopting a dog is fantastic, but you still have to pay an adoption fee. Then there's food, toys and trips to the vet.
Terry: I haven't thought much about the cost. I guess I still have a lot to consider.


Grammar Tips:
A dog would be good company.
company - business organization.
Mike works for a toy company.
company - one to be with.
The job is not so difficult when you have agreeable company.
Would you like to have some company or would you rather go there by yourself?

Vocabulary Tips:
loyal -faithful, commit and show love to something or someone. 忠心的，忠实地。
*Martha is a loyal friend.
loyal to -忠心的，忠实地对那个对象用“to ”。
* Ricky remained loyal to the company, even though other workers left.
defend -fight for, fight against, protect.防御，防护，保御。
* These soldier will defend their homeland against enemies at all costs.
offend - feeling bad, hurt, wound. 冒犯，触怒，受伤。
* I felt offended by your harsh words. 我被冒犯或受伤了被你严苛的话。
cuddly (adj)  - very cute, make people like to hug, pet, wrap around it with hands and arms. 令人想要去拥抱的，或是可爱的。
* the cuddly teddy bear is my son's favorite toy.
cuddle (v) -  hug, wrap around it in arms.很亲热地去搂住或拥抱。
*Jennifer loves to cuddle her cat.
a lot of work - 很费工夫的。
commitment and responsibilities - 承诺和职责。
burglar - theft. 小偷。
Vet - veterinarian.
take something into account - 考虑到某件事。
account-理由，根据。
*As the owner of the company, I have to take the employees' best interests into account at all times.
*When we make the decision, we'll take into account your suggestion. 作决定时会考虑你的建议。
confine -使受限制，使受局限。" to " - 限在那个范围confine at certain area.
*Please confine our discussion to  our original agenda. 讨论仅限于原定的议题。
*Luckily, the spread of the disease was confined to only a small group of people. 只限于小部分的人。
confine -卧病。
*George was confine to bed for weeks after surgery. 手术后。。。卧病（在床）
adoption (n)-收养，领养。
adopt (v) -收养，领养。
* The single mom decided to put her child up for adoption. 让人去收养，领养
*The adoption was kept secret until the child became an adult. 小孩领养的事。。一直保密直到小孩成人。。
chore - job or a piece of work need to be done regularly in our daily living, it's important, small job but have to do, most of them are not very present. 令人不愉快但又是不能不作，必须做的日常琐碎又麻烦的事。
shed - hair or skin came off from human or animal. A lot of hair fall off from dog.掉毛。（人也会掉头发）
chew - bite something and destroy them into small pieces with tooth. 咬

Chat Room:
to bark: 喊叫。
Bark the wrong tree -古时，打猎，狗总是跟着主人追猎物，猎物躲到树上， 狗看走眼，对着（动物）不在其上的树叫喊。意即：找错对象，弄错对象，白费精力。
every dog has its day. (idiom) - encourage people has his turn (day), his day will come, don't feel so bad.
Don't worry. Every dog has its day. Just keep on trying. (here "dog" is not a "lowly" 低下，不好的话 word, it will not offend people)
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clean -清洁
clean/clean up- 清洁/整理。
clean - clean things that are dirty. 清洁干净。
clean the floor. (floor has not take care for a week, full of dust.) 打扫地，擦地板。
clean up - clean things that are messy. need to put all items back and organized. 整理，归位，弄整齐。
clean up the room.- 整理房间。把房间弄整齐。
clean up after someone - 在某人后面整理。整理或收拾某人留下的脏乱残局。
clean up after..../ pick up after...-跟在后面整理/ 跟在后面收拾。
parents always clean up (pick up) after their little children.
cleaning up after them can be a chore.跟在（狗）后面收拾，整理是一件麻烦又不能不作苦差事。

。

Facebook in a Job Interview?

Should your boss be able to look at your Facebook page before hiring you?
Facebook成了求職 面試的一關？ 老闆該在雇用你之前看你 的Facebook嗎？

“ Nicole, I have a problem. ”
“ What kind of problem?”
“ I have a job interview tomorrow, and I heard that the boss will ask to see my Facebook profile.”
“ I'm not comfortable with that. That's illegal in some countries, like Canada. Can you refuse?”
“ I want to, but I'm afraid that if I do,  I won't get the job!”
“ I guess I see the boss's point. Looking at a candidate's Facebook page will tell him a lot about the person's life and personality.”
“ That's true. Most of my life is on Facebook. My profile could tell him about my hobbies, my interests and what my friends think of me. I find the idea of showing a boss that much personal information disturbing.”
“ Companies run background checks on possible employees all the time. And this is just another way for him to see whether you're trustworthy. Besides, I've seen your Facebook page, and you don't have anything to hide.”
“ Maybe not, but my friends might still post things on my Facebook page that make me look bad.”
“ I think the boss will probably recognize the distinction between your posts and your friends' posts.”
“ He might, but I'm also worried that something the boss sees on Facebook could be misleading. For example, I wore a really crazy costume to my friend's party last week. I wouldn't want him to think I always do strange things like that!”
“ That's a good point, but I don't think the boss would assume that one picture shows how you always act.” “ I'm sure he'll be pretty cautious about drawing conclusions too quickly based on Facebook.
Maybe, but the boss also might see my religion or my political views, and discriminate against me.”
“ He shouldn't do that - It's illegal here in the U.S.”
“ I also worry about my friends' privacy. If I log in to my account for the interviewer, he can browse all of their profiles, too. They didn't agree to that.”
“ That wouldn't be very professional, especially during an interview.  ”
“ You're right, but my friends might still post thing in my wall that they don't want strangers to see.”
“ I guess so, but some people's Facebook walls are always visible to the public. You and your friends should be really careful about posting anything embarrassing online. But if you're rally worried, check your Facebook  page before the interview. You can delete anything that you feel doesn't represent you correctly.”
“That's a good idea. I'm a responsible and hard-working employee. I don't want to lose a job opportunity because of a Facebook misunderstanding!”

Grammar Tips:
I find the idea of showing a boss that much personal information disturbing.
"I find the idea of ...(something) + (adj.)
I think that idea of showing a boss that much personal information is disturbing.
I find the idea of paying on extra monthly fee ridiculous.
I find his demand that we text message first before calling very strange.

Vocabulary Tips:
profile - a short description about a person's life. 简介，分析。
*The book gave a detailed profile of the royal family.详细的介绍。。
*The art student is familiar with this artist's profile.艺术家的生平很熟悉。。
a biochemical profile of the blood sample.-血液样本的生化分析。
candidate -someone try apply for and try to get a job, post or government position.候选人，求职应试者。
*Most of the candidates didn't pass the oral test.未通过口试。
*There are three candidates for this post.这个位子有。。。
*Alex is one of the most promising candidates for this position.   职位
distinction -the difference between two similar things. 不同，区别，差别，不同之处。 "dis" -分开。
*The teacher makes no distinction between the males and females when asking hard questions. （男学生，女学生没差别。。。问很困难的题目。。
*There isn't a clear distinction between these two samples. 二个样本。。。没有太显著的区别。
mislead - 误导，使人产生错误的观念。misleading (adj) -动词的现在分词。另人产生误解，误导人。mislead - "mis" - wrong, not right.
*Statistics can some times be very misleading. 统计数字有时让人产生误解，很误导人。
*There's a lot of misleading information on the Internet. 网路提供人很多误导人的资讯。
discriminate - 有差别待遇。treating people different in a worse way. dis -有分开之意。 对某个对象有差别待遇用"against "
*Nina claimed that her boss discriminated against her because she's female.
discrimination- 歧视
age discrimination.-年龄上的歧视
racial discrimination -种族歧视。
privacy - 隐私，隐私权。your rights that keep secret from others.
* I need some privacy so I can calm down.
* The public figure's privacy is often invaded.公众人物的隐私权常常被侵犯。
* Lack of personal privacy can sometimes cause stress. 没有私人隐私的空间，有时会让人产生压力。
assume - get an opinion or idea about a person from what people think and believe.
watch! people draw a conclusion, people don't make a conclusion.
"wall" - here refer to the place in your profile that people can leave message or posting something.
live with integrity.- 活得有尊严。

Chat Room:
have nothing to hide - no secret need to hide.没有什么需要隐瞒的。
I've seen you Facebook page, and you don't have anything to hide.没隐瞒什么。
an open book -打开的书。书上的字句，一目了然。（人）是说这人无法保密，他的表情，言行举止泄露了秘密，让人从他表情上就能看得出他隐瞒什么。
wear one's heart on one's sleeve -将你的心挂在你袖口上，是说“让所有人看到，你毫不保留，毫不掩饰你的心。你毫不掩饰你自己的感情，在人面前，真情流露。
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You can't judge a book by its cover.-（不能由书面的外观来断定一本书内容的好坏。）即“不要以貌取人”。
draw a conclusion / draw conclusions -it is a strong and good phrase you can use in writing. -“下定论，下结论”。
draw - 取出，抽出。
draw conclusions -从一样东西引出结论来或下定论。not "make" conclusions.
I'm sure he'll be pretty cautious about drawing conclusions too quickly based on Facebook.
draw conclusions - 下定论，下结论。
jump to conclusions - 指“随便的，匆忙的，没有看清事实，考虑清楚，就下了定（结）论。”


。

Car or Scooter?

Is owning a car worth the price?
当开车族还是机车族好？拥有一部自己的车真的值得吗？

Hay, Tim, I'm thinking about buying a car, I know you have one, so what do you think?
Wait; you already own a scooter. Why do you want a car?
I'd like to go on some trips with my friends. More people can fit in a car, and it's more comfortable.
True, but cars are also expensive. You have to buy the car, and then pay for insurance, gas maintenance and other expenses. I wish I still had my scooter. It was so much cheaper!
But I have money. I've been saving for a long time. And besides don't you think a car is worth the expense?
It's depends. Will you really travel enough to justify the expense? You can always rent a car.
Renting a car is expensive, too. Besides, I think the storage space would be useful for both traveling and everyday life.
I got a car because I have a wife and kids now. But you'll be the only person suing the car most of the time. How much stuff will you really need to carry?
I guess I don't need a lot of storage space most of the time. But cars also offer more shelter from the rain and other bad weather than scooters do.
Yeah, it's nice to not have to worry about rain, and air conditioning is a real advantage in the summer. But cars also have some notable disadvantages.
Really? Like what?
Finding a parking space can be difficult, especially in big cities. Scooter are much easier to park.
I guess you're right.
Also, I haven't used my car much lately because the price of gas has gone up a lot. Driving a scooter is much less expensive, and it creates less pollution.
True, but riding in a car is so much safer. Cars provide much more protection. Several of my friends have been hurt in scooter accidents.
That's a good point. Even if you're not a reckless driver, you can still have an accident. If you have the money and it makes you feel safer, maybe buying a car would be worthwhile.
You have made some good points, I guess I'll think about it some more.

Grammar Tips:
I guess I don't need a lot of storage space most of the time.
"I guess.... " - I suppose (something is not complete sure but believe or  think what should be.)
I guess my friend is at home.
I guess having dinner and watching a movie is always a possibility if we can't think of anything else.

Vocabulary Tips:
maintenance - need a work than can keep the thing in a good condition, take care of. （不可数n）维修，保养
* The manager is responsible for the building maintenance.
* Your car needs regular maintenance.
maintain (v)- 维修，保养
* The airline is known for maintaining a high safety standard.
justify - 证明是正当的，合理的。 have a good reason for it. "just" -合理的。
*He needs a very good reason to justify his repetitive tardiness.
*There's no way that Wesley can justify his violent behavior.
storage -储藏，保管  store -储藏
*The chair can be folded for easy storage.
storage-储藏室，储藏空间。
*Our attic is mostly used for storage. 阁楼。
scooter - smaller than motorcycle, the front part of scooter has a place for your legs but motorcycle don't.
shelter - cover from sun or rain. a place can be rest.(不可数n).，遮蔽，掩护。(可数n.) ：收容所，庇护所。
*The victims of the earthquake desperately need food, drinking water and shelter right now.
*Nick volunteers in a shelter for homeless people.
notable -值得注意的，显著的。"note "-   注意，指明。
*There are notable differences between the twin sisters.
*This female writer is one of the most notable novelists of her time. 当时最著名的。。。
pollution -污染。damage the nature, dirty stuff (water, air ) effect to the nature.
*The pollution of the local rivers is so severe that people can only drink bottled water.当地河川。。瓶装水。
*The agency is authorized to monitor the air pollution of major cities.机构被受权监控各城市的污染。
reception - 招待，接见，收受，接受，欢迎会，容纳，领悟，感受，茶会。
point - an idea, topic.
reckless - not careful.
malicious (adj) - 有恶意的，很毒的。
tactic (n)- 战术，作战行动，策略，方略。

Chat Room:
You can always rent a car.
rent -paying for certain time use.租
borrow- (in　借入) - I borrow some money from the bank.
lend - (out　借出) - The bank lend me some money.
borrow a book -
lend you a book.
May I use your bathroom? 借用一下，用“ use”. not borrow, unless you borrow a portable one. you won't able to borrow someone's whole bathroom.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finding a parking space can be difficult, especially in big cities.
parking lot - 停车场，可以是露天，或是有篷子的。
parking garage -供停车的建筑物。
car park (英国人 ) = parking place.
parking space -路旁地上有画好线或格子的停车位。如果路边没有画线或画格子的，不能说是“     parking space ”。

Glasses, Contacts or Surgery?

What's the best way to improve your vision?
该戴眼镜，隐形眼镜还是动手术？哪种方法最能改善视力？

Sue and Karen run into each other at an eye doctor's office.

Sue: Hay, Karen! What are you doing here?
Karen: I'm having trouble with my glasses. I don't think they are strong enough anymore. I need a new prescription. How about you?
I'm just here for a checkup, but I plan to ask the doctor about laser surgery.
Really? Why would you want to have surgery?
Glasses and Contact lenses are just so much trouble. I'd be really happy to get rid of them.
I personally think glasses are pretty easy to deal with  - you just have to put them on and take them off.
I know, but they fog up and you have to be careful not to lose or break them.
Laser surgery sounds kind of scary, though. You have to be awake the whole time, and you can see almost everything that's happening.
Well, the surgery might not be pleasant at the time, but to me, having a permanent solution for my vision problems is worth the trouble.
But laser surgery doesn't always solve vision problems - I've heard some people need it more than once. And there are other risks too.
What risks could there be with such a simple procedure?
Eye infections or even new problems like double vision.
But those problems must be pretty rare. So many of my friends have recommended laser surgery that I think it's worth the risk. Plus, contact lenses have risks too.
True. You have to be careful to keep them clean, and change them often to avoid getting an infection.
It's also possible for contacts to scratch your eyes. And they're not always that comfortable.
Yeah, but they're more comfortable than glasses, and lots of people say you can see better. You can also wear while you're playing sports.
But after eye surgery, you can play sports without contacts. Besides, buying contact lenses and contact solution gets expensive.
Laser surgery is even more expensive! And insurance doesn't usually pay for it.
It may cost a lot at first, but I think it's worthwhile in the long run.
Maybe. Be sure to ask the doctor every question you can think of.
Don't worry. I will. That's really why I'm here.
Well, let me know what you decide.

Grammar Tips:
....having a permanent solution for my vision problems is worth the trouble.
"worth the trouble" - "worth" - talk about value of something.
*This painting is worth a lot of money.
"worth the trouble" - is valuable for you put something (time, money, energy etc.) into it.
*Making this dish is worth the time because it is so delicious.
* It is tiring to climb to the top of the mountain, but the view is magnificent and is worth the energy.
if it is not "worth" , simply just add "not " in front of "worth".
*Making this dish is not worth the time.
*The view from the top of the mountain is not worth the energy.

Vocabulary Tips:
prescription -医生开的处方籤，处方
*The doctor gave me antibiotic prescription for three days.
prescription drug -要有医生处方籤的药
repeat prescription -继续使用处方籤的药物，用完可以重复再去取。
prescription-妙方。
*The prescription for a happy marriage is mutual trust. 幸福婚姻的妙方在于互相信赖。
contact lens -隐形眼镜片 contact -接触， lens - 镜片，镜头。contact lenses -隐形眼镜。
disposable contact lenses.-可丢弃的隐形眼镜。
cosmetic lenses - (color lenses) - 彩色隐形眼镜。
permanent - last for long time or forever.固定，永久的。
*What's your permanent address?
*Jason can never keep a permanent job.
Temporary - is opposite of permanent.固定，永久的反义词，临时的。
*a temporary job.临时工（作）。
surgery- cut open a part of your body to fix up something or change something.
laser- a light, sharp, thin and hot, very powerful. usually you see it red color.镭射。
flog up - thin steam appear to block the vision. 一尘雾，模糊看不清。
in the long run -after the long period of time, ..at the end. in the future.终久，最终，就长远角度来看。
*Paying high salaries to hire capable staff might seem like a large investment, but it would pay off in the long run.
procedure - a way of process, or a way that something to be treated.程序，步骤。手术
*The procedure is quite challenging both to the patient and the surgeon. 手术
*The adoption application procedure is long and complicated.程序
scratch -划伤，刮伤，刮痕。
*While picking apples, Molly's hands were scratched by the branches.
*Nathan scratched his car while parking.
*The accident left the car some nasty scratches.
rare - not happen often. 很少，非常难得。
contact solution - a man-made liquid that very similar with human tears. 隐性眼睛浸泡药水
solution is a kind of liquid combination with chemical. 药水

Chat Room:
剪刀，裤子，隐形眼镜，眼镜等都是由两片东西组成。要用复数。动词，受词，或是代名词，全要用复数。
scissors-
pants -
glasses -
Where are my glasses?
Here they are.
I'm having trouble with my glasses.
I don't think they are strong enough anymore.
"pair" -一对，一副。
当用"pair"时，动词改为单数。
These pants are expensive.
This pair of pants is expensive.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Besides buying contact lenses and contact solution gets expensive.
besides/moreover - 除此之外，何况，况且/ 此外，再者。
besides -besides 之后，提出的论点与前面的相似。如：
Let's cancel the picnic because everyone is sick, besides, the forecast calls for rain.
前，后一句都是主张要“取消野餐”。
moreover - 有自己的主张，不需要呼应前面一句的主张。start a new idea.
Let's cancel the picnic because rain, moreover, we can join Tom's party at his home.

Is Airport Security Really Necessary?

A: Airport security is a part of travel these days. Whew! we're finally through airport security. Such scrutiny! I felt like a criminal!
B: Security is really necessary these days. I'm glad we have it. It makes me feel safe flying.
A: But we're not safe. That's why they keep adding new things to the security process. Did you see those full-body scanners?
B: They make the security check really thorough, so it's OK with me.
A: It's not OK with me! Airport security is way too strict now. No one but passengers can go to the gates.
B: So?
A: So, I miss the days when my parents or friends could just meet me right when I got off the plane.
In many airports, friends can meet us in baggage claim. That's just as good.
B: I still feel like all the security violates my rights.
A: Well, they have to keep everybody safe. If there weren't bad people out there, we wouldn't have security.
B: I know. But I'm not a bad person!
A; You think only bad people should go through security? You think you can tell a bad person just by looking at them. The authorities need to treat everyone the same. That's only fair.
B: Maybe you are right. But I still don't like it!
A: I don't think the authorities enjoy making people jump through all the security hoops.
B: They're just trying to improve the process.
A: How?
B: Well, in some airports, frequent travelers have a special line now that's faster. And soon people won't have to take off their shoes.
A: Well, that's an improvement. But why can't innocent people walk through the metal detector and be done with it? I mean. is a woman with a baby or an elderly couple really going to carry a gun or a bomb? Come on! They're not suspicious
B: If authorities didn't X-ray everyone's carry-ons, then terrorist would start to use people like that to harm plane and passengers.
A: I guess you're right. Thorough the securities is the best prevention.
B: And the authorities need a method of checking the contents of people's bags, if there wasn't one, people could take all kinds of danger things onto the plane.
A: I know, I know, but I still don't like strangers going through my stuff.
B: When you choose to travel by plane, you give up your right to privacy to keep everyone safe.
A: I guess the world isn't a safe place anymore, I can't change that, so I'll have to tolerate to security check.

Grammar Tips:
But why can't most-Innocent people walk through the metal detector and be done with it.
"be done with it " = "be finished with something."
I'll be done with it in an hour and I'll return it to you when I'm done.
I want you to be done with it by the end of this week.

Vocabulary Tips:
scrutiny-细查，详查，仔细检查。take time and careful to exam or check or read it.
*The presidential candidates' financial statuses are subject to public scrutiny.
*Every move celebrities take is under media scrutiny.
thorough -detail and carefully. 彻底的，完全的，详细的。
*A thorough mechanical check-up is important before a plane takes off.
*The doctor advised Irene to have a thorough physical exam.
thoroughly-彻底地，完全地，详细地。
*The figures will be checked thoroughly.
violate -违反， 侵犯。break the rule.
*The rights of these protesters were severely violated during the arrest.
*These attacks clearly violated the agreement between the two countries.
Jump through hoops (idiom) -go through so many things then come to the point what you want.
经历艰苦和考验。通常经过复杂的程序或种种辛苦过程。马戏团里，动物跳的火圈。
I had to jump through hoops to get my new passport.经过重重难关才。。
The salesman jumped through loops to get his customer to buy the product.
suspicious -可疑的，怀疑，疑心的。
*There was a suspicious man wandering around the victim's house before the theft.
*I am suspicious of her intentions
tolerate -容忍，包容，
*Dave cannot tolerate anyone not paying attention when he's speaking.

Chat Room:
way -太过于，远超出。太过。非常的
Slow down! You're going too fast.
You are going way too fast.
This is way too much.
Airport security is way too strict now.
cool -
This is way cool.
-------------------------------------------------
bag -袋子，行李。
How many bags?
luggage - not countable noun, only use "piece" to mention about the volume. 不可加“s"
a piece of luggage.
five pieces of luggage.
suitcase- countable and uncountable.
I have five suitcases.
I have five piece of suitcases.
carry-ons : the bag carry on board.

Curfews

How late is too late to stay out?

Mom, I am going to hang out with my friend tonight.
You won't be home later than 11pm. will you? I don't want you out past then.

Mom! Why are you putting limitations on my time with friends? You know the friends I'll be with tonight. I will be safe. You don't have to worry.
Your dad and I feel more at ease knowing that you're safely at home when we want to go to bed at night.

What's the likelihood of me getting into trouble at night when I am with my friends?
More likely than you think. You know bad things can happen even when you're being good.
And we prefer that you're home when we go to sleep at night. We shouldn't be waiting up for you at night later than 11pm.

Ok. I promise to be home on time, but tomorrow can we sit down and discuss my side of this situation?There are a few thing I would.
Sure, we can do that. Have fun with your friends tonight, and be home at 11 o'clock!

All right, Let's sit down and talk about your views on your curfew. Thanks for getting in by 11:00 last night. Your father and I really appreciate it.
You're welcome. I want to be obedient. And I really do respect your rules. But I just feel like I don't have much time to hang out with my friends. I'm so busy with school and homework during the week.
The weekends are about the only time I have to spend with them.

We have no problem with you going out with your friends on Friday and Saturday nights. Why is it so important to stay out past 11 pm?
I'm 16 now I think I'm old enough to handle the responsibility of staying out later.

You have shown quite a bit of maturity this year. So maybe it's time to give you some added privilege, like staying out later on the weekends.
That's great! How late can I stay out?

We'll let you stay out until midnight Saturday night and we'll see how it goes.  But if you're late, there will be consequences.
Thanks! I promise you won't regret it.

Grammar Tips:
Your dad and I feel more at ease knowing that you're safely at home when we want to go to bed at night.
"subj." + feel +adj. + knowing that..... (to describe a person's feeling after knowing someone...
We feel at ease knowing he didn't get hurt after he had an accident.

Vocabulary Tips:
curfews-门禁，宵禁，戒严
*If you break the dorm's midnight curfew, you'll be punished.错过了门禁时间。。
*The government lifted the curfew because the war was over.取消戒严
limitation-限制，局限，限制因素。 limit-限制
*Communicating through the Internet has its limitations; it lacks personal interaction.
*His height is a limitation in his modeling career. He's only 6 feet tall.限制了他从事某特儿职业。
likelihood -（不可数名词）可能性。可能。from "like" + "hood" two words. like-相似。
*The recent conflicts increases the likelihood of war.冲突
*The likelihood is small that Howard will work for other people.可能性很小。
obedient (adj) - obey, follow the rules. 顺从的，听话的，遵守的。
*Being obedient to your superior is the base requirement of a soldier. who to obedient -obedient to whom.
disobedient -不顺从的， "dis" -否定的意思。
*The boy was disobedient to his parents.
maturity -（不可数n）成熟，圆熟。 mature (adj)- 成熟的，
*Working at the customer service department requires a lot of maturity.
*Wesley doesn't have the maturity to deal with parenthood. 还不够成熟去面对如何做“父母”
consequence -后果，结果。 "sequ" -有“尾随”的意思。result.
*People's opposition is the consequence of such a sudden change in policies.
*The consequences of taking bribes are serious.

Chat Room:
hang out-（口语）with friend.与朋友在一起“打发时间。或看电影（视）或闲聊。打发时间。
hang around- 也是打发时间，by  yourself alone.只是自己独自儿的闲逛，溜达，无所事事的打发时间。但是若有闲杂的人在你家附近，闲逛，溜达，你就要注意了，最好是报警。
hangout- refer to a place that people hand out in.
hang out -with friends, but not with girl friend or boy friend. Young people like to hand out in malls.
date - 男女朋友相聚约会 date, dating，不能用“hand out".
-------------------------------------------------------------
underage=minor -under the legal age.未成年的
Sara is still a minor.
of age - 成年，购岁数了，到了法定成年的岁数。
Are you of age? 你有到达法定成年的年龄吗？
come of age- 成年了。到达了法定年龄。transition, from childhood to adulthood.
rite of passage - （字面解释）通过仪式。 也是说“伴随着人生跨越到另一个新阶段。如小孩学会骑脚踏车，进入一个人生新阶段。"rite"- 仪式，典礼。



.

Are you on facebook?

你facebook了吗(你有facebook帐户吗)？使用这个乐门社交网站真的是好主意吗？

Nate has been talking to Anna, a friend he has not seen for a few months：

It's been really great talking to you, Nate. We should keep in better touch. You're on Facebook, right?
Not anymore. I deleted my account.
Are you insane? Facebook is the best way to communicate with friends, share photos and keep in contact.
Maybe. But it's also a good way to share personal information with people who can harm yo. Anyone can read your profile.
Not really, Facebook has privacy settings, you can choose who you "friend".
True. But many people don't use them.
I know, but that's another problem. What if your boss asked you to friend him?
I guess I'd have to. Probably, or he'd wonder what you were hiding. Then you'd have to really be careful about what you post on the wall. People have gotten fired for posting negative comments about their bosses or jobs.
I'm always careful about what I post. Are your friends?
They can post some pretty damning photos and tag you in them.
True. But that's not likely to happen.
And you're willing to take the risk.
Facebook has revolutionized communication!
It may have revolutionized communication, but it's also creating problems.
Like what?
Like "Facebook depression." For teenagers, Facebook's like a huge popularity contest based on how many friends they have. Plus everybody looks like they're.
Why is that's a bad thing?
Because for kids who already have low self-esteem, Facebook makes the problem worse.
But I've read just the opposite. For shy people, it's actually easier to build Facebook friendships because you don't have to interact face to face.
Well, I'm not so sure that's a good thing.
I just saying Facebook provides a lots of positives for all kinds of people. There are so many groups you can join, and it's a great way to make new friends who share your interests.
Maybe, but I prefer interacting in person.
Me too. But Facebook is still a great way to keep up with people who live far away, like your sister in Singapore.
Yeah, that's true, with a few precautions, it might be worth it. OK, Nate. Let's talk again soon. Face-to-face!

Grammar Tips:
....you can choose who you "friend".
"friend" - (n)朋友 also can be (v)-交朋友。
"brush" -髪梳，梳头发。
*I need a brush to brush my hair.
"cause"- 原因。。造成。
*A is the cause for B.
*A caused B to happen.
"guilt" , "Journal", "email"......

Vocabulary Tips:
delete - 删除 de-去掉
*The important files were accidentally deleted and could not be retrieved.
*The editor deleted two chapters of the book because it was too long.
damning (adj)-非常不利的，有杀伤力的，致命的 damn-严厉的批判。
*Timothy's boss made some damning remarks about him. 有杀伤力的评价（语）
*The damning scandal completely ruined the politician's career. 。。丑闻。。政治仕途。
revolutionize -澈底的革新，改进，改变。 revolution- 革命
*The Android cell-phone revolutionized the world of tele-communication.
*The invention of aircraft revolutionized how people get around the world.
insane- extremely out of mind.
profile- all the information about you.
privacy setting - choose who you want to letting them know about you and share your information with them.
posting- writing something (put) on the wall.
depression - is a medical condition. feel sad and blue.忧虑，沮丧 depress-压抑，压制
*Lots of people lost their jobs during the depression.经济萧条
precaution -预防措施careful, prevent something from danger. "pre"-提前, “caution” - 预防
*The government advised people to take necessary precautions against flooding.
interact-互动作用，互动。 "inter"- 二者之间。

Chat Room:
Facebook-
reconnect -重新联系 re- 再一次，connect-联系。
Are you on Facebook (n)? 你有Facebook 账户吗？do not add "the" before Facebook.
Do you Facebook (v)? 你Facebook没？
Can I add you on Facebook?
Facebook suicide -在。。 自杀，意即把Facebook 删除。
--------------------------------------------------
keep up / catch up -
keep up-（赛跑）跟得上
*Facebook is a great way to keep up with people who live far away.
*Keeping up with the Joneses - （身分地位相当的）跟得上对方的生活享受，如Jones家买了名牌车，自己也跟着买同样的车。
catch up-（落后）追上，或是朋友有一段时间没联络，“找个时间，好好叙叙旧，好了解彼此的近况。

.

The Dating Game

約會遊戲How much dating should people do before marriage? 婚前應有多少約會經驗？by Pam Osment and Ruth Devlin

Conversation:
Wendy and Emma are talking over coffee.

Wendy: Did you get Selena's wedding invitation?

Emma: I sure did. Can you believe she's marrying her high-school sweetheart?

Wendy: What's wrong with that? They both graduated from university last spring and are ready for marriage.

Emma: But Selena has never dated anyone but Josh. She's missed out on the chance to get to know a loft of guys.

Wendy: Maybe she doesn't need to. She's found a guy she loves. She can trust and depend on him, and he shares her values.

Emma: But how can she be sure of that unless she dates a lot? I'm only 22, and I've had six boyfriends already. I'm still trying to figure out who's right for me.

Wendy: You don't' have to date a lot to find Mr Right. The more you date the more you have to deal with break-ups, and that's always hard.

Emma: True. But break-ups make you a stronger person, and you learn more about good and bad relationships.

Wendy: That isn't true for everyone. Many people aren't emotionally prepared to handle the feelings of rejection that go along with break-ups.

Emma: Well, it seems to me there are more positives than negatives when it comes to dating several people.

Wendy: I'm not sure about that. The negatives when it comes to dating several people. For example, Did you know there's a link between serial dating and the high divorce rate in the U.S. .. for instance? Dating lost of people equals lots of break-ups.

Emma: How are they related?

Wendy: Each time you end one romance and start another one it becomes easier to leave a relationship. Unfortunately, that attitude leads to throw away manages which leads to a throwaway approach to people.

Emma: But don't you have to date a lot to learn about acting appropriately with the opposite sex?

Wendy: Right. You can figure that out by interacting with people in group settings.Personally, I think you should focus on your own life goals before marriage instead of being involved in complicated romantic relationships.

Emma: Ok, Ok. So you believe it's best not to date lots of guys if it distracts you from your own plans? Have lots of friendships but save the serious relationships until you're finally ready for Mr. Right. Is that it?

Wendy: That's about it! Now how about some cake with our coffee?

Grammar Tips:
Many people aren't emotionally prepared to handle the feelings of rejection that go along with breakups.
"to go along with" = " be a part of ", " be connected to"
" to go along with" - is
When we calculated our travel cost, we forgot to add the airport taxes that went along with our airplane tickets.
Sarah likes her new uniform, but she doesn't like the belt that goes along with the outfit.

Vocabulary Tips:
value- 價格,價值values-價值觀( 通常用複數) what you believe in, the way of you thinking , doing or living..
*Sarah and Bob come from similar backgrounds, so they share the same values. 相同的價值觀.
*The traditional values of the tribal people are unshakable.
*The value of the yen has been rising lately. 價格
figure out something or somebody (idiom) -猜,想,推論出某人是什麽樣的人. figure out 想出,算出,推理出, 猜出
*I can't figure out his reasons for being so mean.
*David is a mysterious guy. I can't quite figure him out.
rejection- unwanted.被拒絕,被退回. "re" - "囘來"之意. reject- 拒絕.
*Helen's fear of rejection caused her always to try to please others.
*Fanny applied to several schools, but all she got were rejection letters.
divorce-離婚.
*The celebrity couple's marriage ended in divorce. 這對名人的婚姻最後以離婚收場。
*Theo's parents' divorce had a serious impact on him.
divorce (v) -使離婚，
* Alexia is divorcing her husband. 正與她丈夫辦離婚。
throwaway- 用過隨丟的，隨時凖備丟棄的。使放棄，throw away-放棄，丟棄
*The restaurant stopped using throwaway utensils years ago.
*People don't appreciate fine crafts in the throwaway society we live in. 不懂得欣賞精細的手工藝品。。。在今天我們所処的這用過即丟的社會裏。
complicate- 複雜的，難懂的，難以了解的。complicated.-使複雜，令人難懂的
*French grammar is quite complicated.
*You need to read those complicated business contracts carefully before signing them.
serial- something done in the same way repeatedly.
"I am not sure about that" is a soft way to say that you disagree. (very useful)
link - connect, connection, related to, here don't use "cause". cause is "too strong".
setting- one by one or go out in group, one by one setting or group setting.
talk over coffee / talk over dinner - talk or discuss during the tie of drink coffee or eating dinner.
sweetheart- someone you fall in love with. someone is you loved very much.
break-up : end of romance relationship.

Chat Room:
They both graduated from university last spring.
graduate (v)- 畢業于
"graduate college " is wrong, it should be " graduate from college." graduate + "from" + obj.
He will graduate from college next year.
graduate (n)-畢業生 （注意發音 dua -d“wue")
He is a graduate of Harvard University.
-------------------------------
date- 日子dating-約會
date someone -約會某人。
to date someone -與某人約會
go steady with someone -與某人固定交往。
steady boyfriend / steady girlfriend - 固定男/女朋友。
double date -兩對情侶一起約會
date-古老的日期，年代。（過期，古老，落伍的）
That song really dates you. 你唱的歌透露了你的年齡，時代背景。

Do Schools Kill Creativity?

學校扼殺了創意嗎？Can students really be creative at school?學生在校真能發揮創意？by Ruth Devlin and Pam Osment

High school students Erin and Paul are talking after class.

Conversation
Erin: What do you think of Mr. Powers' assignment?
Paul: It doesn't matter what I think. Mr. Powers did all the thinking for us. He told us exactly what to do and how to do it.
Erin: What's wrong with that?
Paul: There's no creativity involved. If I decide to do the assignment differently, I'll get a bad grade.
Erin: Why would you want to do it differently?
Paul: Well, I might want to be creative. Maybe I want to think outside the box. But schools kill creativity. Mr. powers' assignment is a perfect example.
Erin: Schools don't kill creativity. The structure, the established hours and the schedules all help prepare us for the expectations of the real world.
Paul: Schools just ensure we're all alike. In school, we are taught to get the right answers and to conform.
Erin: But we have to learn skills like reading and math to be anything in life.Those subjects have right and wrong answers.
Paul: I know. But we also need to be able to play with idea and not just complete assignments.
Besides, people are different and don't all learn in exactly the same way.
Erin: What do you mean?
Paul: Well, for example, teachers once thought the choreographer for Cats, Gillian Lynne, had a learning disability.
Erin: And did she?
Paul: No! Her teachers assumed that she did because she couldn't sit still. Fortunately, her doctor realized she just needed to express herself through movement.
Erin: What happened?
Paul: Her parents enrolled her in a performing arts school. Instead of having all of her creativity suppressed she was able to excel in her field and in life.
Erin: That's a great story, but I really think our school has to follow certain guidelines.
Paul: Maybe. But the classrooms still don't all have to be structured exactly the same way. The same format every day causes students to loss interest and imagination.
Erin: Our classes aren't all like that, though. Ms. Wyann uses lots of creative methods to teach us English.
Paul: You're right. She fosters creativity and gets us excited about learning. I hope her teaching style is contagious!

Grammar:
But we have to learn skills like reading and math to be anything in life.
to be anything in life- the "anything" is not an "object" as "I didn't see anything outside."
"anything" here is "someone or something that is important."
To be anything in any profession, a lot of people start from the bottom and work their way to the top.
If you want to be anything in show business, you have to be willing to work hard.

Vocabulary tips:
established-已確定的，已設定的，即定的，establish-設立，設置
*The established methods are not efficient enough nowadays.
*The family's established connections in politics helped them greatly with their businesses.
conform-順服，順從，服從，遵從。“to”
*All students were requested to conform to the school's rules.
*All our products conform to the government's safety regulations.遵從
play with something-思考，考慮，心中盤算
*My husband and I are playing with the idea of moving to the suburbs.
*I've been playing with the possibility of changing jobs.

Chat Room:
kill-殺死destroy, end of, finish
kill creativity-扼殺創意
kill time-打發時間
kill the engine-停止引擎
----------------------


******
The Sky Cries For You
Don't cry, oh please don't cry
Don't cry, oh please don't cry
It'll be all right, I promise!
When your heart aches, the Angels cry
When your heart breaks, the sky cries.
Raining, washing your tears away.
Changing your sorrow, and pain in a day.

For sorrow may endure for a night, but
Joy comes in the morning!
Joy comes in the morning! so please don't cry.
Because our heart hurts when we see you cry.
The Angels and I, please don't cry.
Every time you hurt at home, in school, at work,
I know, yea, I care... about you,
I know, yea, I care....about you,
We all do, the Angels cry,
The sky cries too.
The sky cries for you - Rain!

We really hate to see you cry,
To see the tears fall from your eyes.
Let me ease your pain,
Wash away your tears with the rain,
Please don't cry...
Please don't cry,
Because our heart hurts when we see you cry.
The Angels and I.
So please don't cry
Every time you hurt at home, in school, at work,
I know, I care.... about you..
We all do, the Angels cry
The sky cries too,
The sky cries for you.
Raining, Raining
The sky cries for you.

How Sick Are You?

你病得有多嚴重啊？When you feel sick, should you stay home?覺得身體不適時，應該待在家裡嗎？by Ruth Devlin and Pamela Osment

Barbara and Tammy are roommates. Barbara isn't feeling well this morning. Should she still go to work?

Conversation
(in the kitchen)
Tammy: Good morning, Barbara. Do you want some coffee?
Barbara: Yes, please. I didn't sleep well last night.
Tammy: Why?
Barbara: I kept coughing. And my throat is rally sore. It's been sore for two days now.
Tammy: Do you have a fever?
Barbara: No. But I feel lousy.
Tammy: Why don't you stay home, when you sick you should stay home or visit a doctor? I think you should.
Barbara: I can't, I have a lot of stuffs (many work, too much)to do, if I stay home, I'll never get caught up.
Tammy: So, you are going to work and share your germs to any one.
Barbara: I am not that sick.
Tammy: You are not that well either. you need to rest to fight the infection.
Barbara: I will be fine, I will go to bed as soon as I get home from work.
Tammy: If you don't feel good you won't able be concentrate on work, you really won't get very much down.
Barbara: But I will get something done, and I am able to answer people questions. I have to go, otherwise, others won't able to get their jobs done.
Tammy: You know, Barbara, that sore throat could be strep throat.
Barbara: I don't think anything is that serious.
Tammy: Well, you won't know for sure until you go to doctor
Barbara: But I don't have time, I have an important meeting today.
Tammy: You do know that if it's strep throat, you are very contagious.
Barbara: I didn't thought about that, but I can't stay home, I don't have any sick leave left.
Tammy: If you go to the doctor may be you can get a doctor note to satisfy you boss.
Barbara: The people in my office are counting on me to get something finish up today.
They will be upset with me if I am not at work.
Tammy: They will be a lot more upset with you if you show up and you make them sick. Why don't you go to the doctor first and see what she says. If she says you are not contagious, may be you can go on to work. But if it is strep throat she probably tell you to take antibiotic for 24 hours before you go back to work.
May be you are right, I would rest easier make sure I am not contagious, I am sure my co-workers will too ( get rest easier).

Grammar Tips:
If I stay home today, I'll never get caught up.
caught up= to catch up.
to catch up =to spend time doing something that hasn't been done for some time.
If I stay home today, I'll never be able to comeplete all my unfinished work.
"to catch up"- talk about complete something that after some delay.
I have to catch up on my work because I've been on vacation.
I need to catch up on my reading if I want to be ready for my test next week.

Vocabulary Tips:
germ-細菌 ()多數,是指細菌的"种類",而非指"數量"
*Avoid germs by always washing your hands before you eat.
*Alcohol kills most household germs.
infection-傳染病,感染
*They finally got the infection under control after the classroom was sterilized thoroughly .(徹底的斷種,滅絕,消毒)
*The infection of the wound got worse and the patient needed to be hospitalized immediately.
otherwise-否則,(前面有一個說明前題的句子)
*You'd better finish your homework; otherwise, you're not going anywhere.
*I hope the weather get better; otherwise, our camping trip will be cancelled.
contagious-會傳染的，具有傳染性的。有傳播的能力的
*Since the flu is highly contagious, the government has advised children and elderly people to get a flu shot.
*Pamela's laughter is contagious. You just want to laugh with her.
count on-指望rely on
count on someone or something-指望某個對象（人或事或物）
*The whole team was counting on the quarterback and celebrated when he threw the winning pass.
count on someone for something-指望或依靠某個對象可以提供什麽。。
*You can always count on Joseph for good advice.
rest easy - 放心，放寬心，安心。rest-休息 easy-輕鬆。
*She can finally rest easy now that the police have found her little boy.
*I can't rest easy until I get my wallet back.

Chat Room:
caught up = to catch up-追上,趕上競度
I'll never get caught up-
catch up-趕上,追上
catch up on something or someone.
use "on" - I need to catch up on schoolwork.
catch up with something or someone.
use "with" -catch up with you.
catch up-聊天,續舊 I'll catch up with you. (being didn't see each other for long time)
caught up-finish work. or police caught up a thief.
catch up-嘗到某种后果 如果大吃大喝,不運動,catch up with you 疾病就會來臨.
------------------------------
Sick leave-病假
take a sick leave / day-請病假
take leave/ on leave-請假
John is on leave this week.
annual leave-年假 may use for anything include vacation.
leave of absence-留職停薪
maternity leave-產假

Notes:
She has come down and have a cold.

something tickle my through, make me kept coughing.

Stay home or go to work, it depends how lousy you really feel.

Cover your mouth when you coughing. you don't spread germs to others.

Always wash hands before eating.

Dinner Is Served

晚餐準備好囉Is it better to eat in or eat out? by Ryan Batdorf and Lisa Holl Chang

Restaurants offer tasty alternatives to home-cooked meals, especially for busy people. Is cooking for one's self or family still worthwhile? Engaged couple Garrett and Kimberly discuss this issue.

Conversation
Kimberly: My parents want to take us out for dinner next Tuesday.
Garrett: Sounds great! Your parents sure do like treating us to dinner.
Kimberly: They like eating out, period, Mom simply won't be bothered with cooking!
Garrett: Whereas you have to drag my mom out of the kitchen! Eating dinner at home has always been a big deal for my family, a tradition I'd like to continue.
..........
..........

Grammar tips
Why go to all that trouble when we can go to a restaurant and relax?
"to go to all that trouble"= " to go to the trouble" ="to make an effort to do something."
Why go to all that trouble of washing your clothes by hand when you can just throw them all into the washing machine.
Why go to all that trouble to answer your email when your secretary can do it for you?
" to go the the bother"-
I was so tired last night that I couldn't go to the bother to throw out the trash.
"to take the trouble"-
Thank you so much for taking the trouble to answer all my questions.
"to take the trouble" = " to go to the trouble" =" to go to the bother.

Vocabulary Tips
whereas-反之，卻，然而。。用來和前面所陳述的對比。
*We arrived at the office on time by taking the train, whereas the others were still stuck in traffic.
*SUVs are gas-consuming and expensive, whereas compact cars consume less gas and are thrifty.
rule out-排除。
*The whole manufacturing system was carefully examined to rule out the possibility of any breakdowns.
*The police ruled out the woman as a suspect.
recipe-食譜，或是秘訣，妙方。
*Carol published her first recipe book last year.
*The recipe for a successful marriage is mutual-trust.-成功的秘訣。
*Grandma's receipt for apple pie works wonders every time. 大獲好品（成功）。
MSG=(Mono sodium Glutamate) 味精
takeout (n)-bought the food from store to take home and eat them. 外賣，
*Patrick loves to eat Chinese takeout.
*Takeout food usually doesn't taste as good as homemade food.
*Please order at the takeout (adj) counter.
batch-一批，一組，一堆。
*she cooked a big batch of food.
*Mom baked a batch of cookies to treat my friends.
*Tourists descended upon the famous historical site in batches.
*After the merger, a batch of new problems appeared.
tip-tipped/tipping-小費
*Maggie tipped her porter at the hotel. 提行李箱的服務員）生）
*Tipping at restaurants is required in many countries.
*We left a tip in our room for the maid at our hotel.

Chat Room
Home-cooked meals-
homemade-
homemade cookies-
store-bought-
factory-made-
from scratch- make with very basic material.
to make something from scratch.
--------------------------------
cut out-remove something from. stop or remove from.-用剪刀剪下來。
cut out a picture from the newspaper.
cut out fat-food not having fat, stop taking fat.不要吃有fat的食物。
cut back on fat- reduce fat. do less of it.減少。
cut out for something-使勝任，使適合。（通常用在否定句）
I'm not cut out it for Olympics. 我不適合。。。
Cut it out-stop,停止，住手，打住，不要再繼續了

A Mother's Choice

Many new moms face a big decision: return to the workplace or stay at home with her child.新手媽媽的抉擇 Should a mom return to work or stay at home after having a baby?媽媽生完孩子後，究竟該回到職場，還是該留在家裡呢?by Ryan Batdorf and Lisa Holl Chang

Anita and Roger Blackwell had a baby girl, Denise, two months ago. Before Denise arrived, Anita had planned to return to her office job, but now she’s having second thoughts.

Conversation
Anita: Roger, I’ve really enjoyed being home with Denise. Now that my maternity leave is almost over, I'm actually rethinking returning to my job.
Roger: Really? When we talked about this before Denise arrived, you always insisted you would keep your job.
Anita: But that was before I experienced the joys of being a full-time mom.
Roger: You know I will support whatever decision you have made, but losing your income will definitely affect to our financial situation...
Anita: I know, we may have make some sacrifices, and some changes in our life style.
Roger: Maybe we even have to put off buying a house.
Anita: But we wouldn't have to worry about child care expenses.
Roger: Money is one thing (to think about), but how about your career?
Anita: Well, I would miss (going to work), but I just can't stand the thought that let someone else raising Denise. I feel as I was neglecting her.
Roger: No one can take the place of the parents in a child's life that's for sure. But quiting your job is a big decision, that will hurt your career.
Anita: That's possible, I know my supervisor really depends on me.
Roger: Of course, you are talented and good at what you do.
Anita: Thank you, but as important as my career is, I'm beginning to have different priority.
Roger: What do you mean?
Anita: Since Denise's birth, I've been thinking, baby is growing so fast I don't want to miss that. When Denise is in school, then I can back to work again.
Roger: But I know you enjoy interaction with people. Are you sure you want to spent all day take care of Denise and house?
Anita: To be honest. I'm afraid I might get bore, but may be I can get to know some of mothers
from the playgroup that we meet at the park.
Roger: Okay, I guess, I just thought we will work together to juggle responsibilities of raising the family and having career.
Anita: Me too, but now I'm afraid that I would just get burn out.
Roger: You are probably right. It's been stress out isn't really fun.
Anita: It won't be forever. I just think it's what the best for right now.
Roger: Well, the most important thing is you are happy with this decision.

If you are in their situation, what would you do?

Grammar
Now that my maternity leave is almost over. I'm actually rethinking returning to my job.
now that= because, since
Since my maternity leave is almost over, I'm actually rethinking returning to my job.
now that- is informal way to use in the sentence.
*Now that the club's usual meeting place will be torn down, the club members have to find a new location.
*Now that Paul and his wife have a baby to take care of Paul needs to find a second job.

Vocabulary
having second thoughts-又有了另外的想法，意即“改变主意”
having second thoughts=rethinking
*I intended to accept the job offer, but now I'm having second thoughts-because of the long commute.
sacrifice (n)-牺牲， (v)-原意为。。牺牲
*In order to give their children the best education, the couple made a lot of sacrifices.
*Becoming successful doesn't mean that you have to sacrifice your principles.牺牲原则
*Parents are willing to sacrifice (v) for their children. 願意为。。牺牲
put off-拖延，延后，延迟。
*The school decided to put off remodeling the cafeteria until more funding became available.
*She had to put off her dentist appointment because she had to go on a business trip.
as important as something is-既使是如何。。如何，即使是。。还是。。
*As costly as the treatment is, we still decided to take a chance with it.
*As hard as the training is, Dave is determined to stay on the team.
priority-优先事项，优先考虑的事。。
*Getting a loan from the bank is now our first priority.
*To have better time management, you need to first get your priorities straight.
juggle-耍把戏，在空中玩掷球的把戏，也指同时要（负责）管好几样事情。同时兼顾。
*As a CEO, it's not easy to juggle so many responsibilities.
*Victor is having trouble juggling school and baseball.

Chat Room
maternity-女人生产
maternal- refer to "mother, Ma, mama"母亲 /paternal-refer to "father, Pa, Papa" 父亲
maternity leave-产假
paternity leave-父亲陪产的假期
------------------
housewife/homemaker/domestic engineer. 家庭主妇
housewife 给人有黄脸婆的感觉。/homemaker -不分男女在家主厨清理家务。
domestic engineer-家庭主妇名称，因家庭主妇每日要设计如何布置整理家，把家弄得干净，清洁，舒适 好看，把饭菜做得好吃，如何量入为出。把日常琐事设计得有趣，使家人感到温馨，愉快,是一件需要智慧，知识，动脑筋设计的。
full-time mom/stay-at-home mom
housekeeper/maid/domestic worker 女管家，做打扫清洁家事的人。
domestic worker can be male or female.

Credit Cards

信用卡How will you be paying today? 你如何付款？Are credit cards a better way to pay 用信用卡付款會比較好嗎by Ryan Batdorf and Lisa Holl Chang

Credit cards allow consumers to “buy now, pay later.” But that convenience can sometimes cause people to spend beyond their means. Sean, a university student, is asking his classmate Dave for advice about getting one.

Conversation A
Sean: I’ve been thinking about getting a credit card.
Dave: What do you plan to use it for?
Sean: Well, tuition for next semester is due in a couple of weeks.
Dave: Wow … that’s a lot to charge! Will you be able to pay off the balance at the end of the month?
Sean: Do I have to? If I use a credit card, I can just make the minimum payment each month until I pay it off.
Dave: You can, but the problem with that is you’ll get charged a sky-high interest rate. Why don’t you just apply for a student loan?
Sean: I could do that but I also want to use a credit card when I goes to Hawaii with my family on vacation. It's safer to carry a credit card on vacation than to carry a lot of cash.
Dave: That's true.
Sean: Don't forget about reward points. Some cards allow you to earn points that can eventually be redeemed for a free flight.
Dave: Just keep in mind that it's easy to spend more than you really can afford with the credit card.. I really feel I should caution you about overspending . I started the credit card in my freshman year.
Sean: For what?
Dave: Mostly for living expenses.
Sean: I heard that credit card can help you keep tract of staff like that . You see every thing on your bill.
Dave: That's may be so, but things got out of control really quickly. I spent too much even can't make minimum payment. So I got the another credit card to pay the bill on the first one, and another one after that. Before I knew it, I was in major credit card debt.
Sean: So what happen?
Dave: I have to get a part time job to pay off the debt. Not only that, now my credit is ruined.
Sean: That's terrible. But if I pay you the full balance every month, I can avoid all those problems, right?
Dave: Right, but that's take a lot of discipline. I suggest you to get a student loan for tuition and save money for while you plan to spend on Hawaii.
Sean: It sounds credit card wasn't the "magic" as I thought.

Grammar:
Before I knew it, I was in major credit card debt.
before I knew it-very soon or in no time. (before I knew -very useful phrase when describe "something happen very very fast, so quickly that you can't keep track or notice)
very soon, I was in major credit card debt.
Sylvia helped me with the project, and before I knew it, the report was finished.
The two of you had so much fun chatting that, before you knew it, you've arrived at your destination.

Vocabulary
means-一个人的财力，收入。
David has four kids, and they've all been living beyond their means for a long time.
live beyond your means-入不敷出。
live within one's means-收支可以平衡。
balance-The balance of my checking account is $350.
After we paid all the bills, our bank balance wasn't very large.
redeemed- 对换，赎回。re-回来的意思
Brenda redeemed her mileage and flew to Japan fro vacation.
This coupon can be redeemed in major supermarkets.
caution- 警告，警示。对什么的警示用"against"
The sing cautions drivers to slow down while passing through this steep and narrow road.
* The columnist cautions his readers against buying any shares before getting objective advice. 客观的建议
keep track- 掌握纪录. track-行踪，足迹。
As an accountant, Eric needs to keep track of changes in the stock market.
*As an accountant, Eric needs to keep track of changes in the stock markets.
lose track of something-失去对某事的掌控
*I lost track of time and came to work late today.
discipline-纪律，自我训练 It takes years of discipline to be an outstanding cellist.大提琴手。
*The school is famous for their discipline and excellent academic performance.

Chat Room
charge-收费，free of charge-免费
the total charge-总共多少费用
Will that be cash or charge? 付现或刷卡。charge-means charge card.
------------------------
over-too much of something 过渡，过分
overate- eat too much 吃太多
overspending- spend too much
overcharge- charge too much 索取过多的钱。
oversleep- sleep too much, late for work/school. 睡的太多,通常是指睡过头/起晚了所以迟到了。
over-is a preffix word, but not add to all the verbs. over exercise- 运动过量not overexercise.

Lend to a Friend?

親兄弟明算帳？What should you do if a friend asks to borrow money from you?該不該借錢給朋友呢? by Jeremiah Clark and Chelsea Ewald

American author Henry David Thoreau once said, “The most I can do for my friend is simply be his friend.” For many people, however, the simplicity of friendship becomes complicated when money is involved, often leaving relationships strained. So if one of your friends asks you for money, should you lend it or not?

Conversation
Adam: The other day, Tony told me he has fallen on some hard times, so he asked if he could borrow US$1,000. I’d really like to help him out, but I know it’s a little risky.

Beth: Well, loaning money to friends is no simple matter, especially when it’s such a large amount. I learned that the hard way and personally believe that you should avoid it.

Adam: But he really needs the money. He makes some bad investment and he has accumulate some debts. On top of that, He has just lost his job, and he is having a hard time to make his mortgage payment.

Beth: I think it's great that you want to help Tony. But this seems like a bad situation. What if he can't repay you, are you willing to loose your money forever?

Adam: To me, the most important thing is to affirm my royalty to him even he has made some poor financial decisions. I want to be to a good friend. I guess I just have to run the risk of losing some money.

Beth: Adam, just going to this with your eyes open. If Tony does't pay you back, are you going to become critical and resented? If he spend money on some where else, are you sure Tony is trustworthy?

Adam: I believe he is. I never question his trustworthy before so why would I start it now? Besides, I recently read the study that says: There is nearly 75% of borrowers paid everything back.

Beth: I hope that Tony is not the part of the 25% who don't, but at least hold him accountable for the loan, you might even consider charge him interest.

Adam: I plan to write it down how much he borrowed and when I expect to pay back. But as a friend, I would never charge him interest. I may even gave him an option of paying the loan in monthly installment.

Beth: That's all very well and good. But what if he miss the payment or two payments or he ask you for more money because he's still having problem.

Adam: I will deal with that if it becomes a issue. In the meantime, I plane to talk to Tony about money management. Perhaps some friendly intervention will be helpful.

Beth: Well, It sounds to me that you have made of your mind. I hope it works out for you and Tony gets back on his feet and you get your money back.

More Information:
Fact: Nearly two-thirds of Canadians have loaned or borrowed more than $500 from friends or family. Not surprisingly, more than one-quarter of the people who loaned money reported that the loans were never fully repaid. Here's another statistic that should surprise no one: about one-third of those who agreed to lend money said they felt pressured to do so.

Some Opinions:
***** "Neither a borrower nor a lender be." Why?
Borrowing money from friends allow you to be indiscipline in your finances.
Lending money to friends, you will run the risk of losing that money as well as the good friendship.

*****Be careful and cautious to lend money to others, and fully know where the money goes.

*****Think the three factors before lend the money out:
(1) Your personal relationship with that person and borrower's personality
(2) Your financial ability-amount of money.
(3) Where the borrow money is going and situation.

***** Friend and Money don't mix, should separate
Lend money to friends is not doing them a favor.
Lend money to friends is harm them instead of good.
Lend Money sometimes will destroy the friendship

Grammar
At least hold him accountable for the loan.
to hold someone accountable = expect someone to be responsible for something
The scientist was held accountable for his own research.
The team leader was held accountable for his team members' performance.

Vocabulary
strained (adj)- 紧绷的，紧张的．strain(v)-拉紧，伸张．
Sarah's relationship with her boyfriend became strained after he forget her birthday.
* When the company lost their biggest client, pressure was put on their strained finances.财务吃紧 * The teacher's expression became strained when her student talked back.脸部表情,紧绷起来
hard time (idiom)- difficult time in finances or other area.
Many people have fallen on hard times because of the poor state of the economy.
accumulated-累积，堆积get more and more over the period of time.
So much snow accumulated on the roads that school was canceled for the day.
*He has accumulated so many things from shopping at the flea market.
*Sherry has accumulated many storybooks during her 25 years of being an elementary school teacher.
run the risk (idiom)-冒险　risk- 风险，危险
If you cheat on the test, you run the risk of getting caught and failing.
run the risk of something -冒某种风险
You run the risk of having to wait at the restaurant if you don't make a reservation.没订位的风险
*You're running the risk of getting lung cancer if you don't quit smoking.
simplicity -simple, opposite of difficulty
fallen on some hard time- encounter something difficulties.
resent (v)- bitter, angry, unhappy, never quite forgive that person.
I resent your rude comment. It really hurt my feelings.
accountable (adj)-responsible.应付的责任
In a court of law, criminals are held accountable for their crimes.
*The mayor needs to be more accountable to the city's residents by being more honest with them.　
Hold someone accountable for something-让某人对某事负责．
*The parents should be held accountable for the years of abuse they brought upon their children.　多年虐待孩子
installment (n)-pay a part of large amount money monthly or weekly.分期付款，贷款分期
When Jill bought her car, she agreed to pay it off in 36 monthly installments.　
*The monthly loan installment is $150.
in installments-以分起方式　We paid off our credit card in installments.
intervention (n)-介入，干涉taing a part or influence the issue. inter-二者之间
After his friend's intervention, Sam realized he was drinking too much and saw a counselor.
*Early intervention programs can keep at-risk teenagers from dropping out of school.预防方式的协助方案，可以让快要缀学的孩子留在学校．
*The government's intervention failed to stabilize the stock market.未能稳定
get back on one's feet-被打倒了，重新爬起站立．get on track.

Chat Room
simply- (1)仅仅是，只不过＝just, (2)非常的，很．
simply wonderful- absolutely wonderful非常的好
I'm doing simply wonderful-我很好．我非常的好．
This is simply delicious-真的非常好吃．
The most I can do for my friend is simply be his friend.仅仅是，只是
simple is opposite of complex复杂. complex/complicated 都是复杂的意思
complex- 客观的复杂．the human mind is very complex.大家都认为认得头脑是相当复杂的．
complicated -主观的复杂this game is complicated.　这游戏对我来说很复杂．
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in the meantime=meanwhile, 指二件事之间的一段时间,但不能说in the meanwhile.
是meanwhile．　如台风要来，在来之前，要做好准备
in the meantime / meanwhile 是transitions 时间上的转变．
"before, afterward, earlier, later.."　都是很实用的transitions