Coffee Houses

Coffee houses then and now
走進咖啡屋 - 咖啡店的今與昔.

Ah, the rich smell of fresh coffee! People who love the aromatic beverage flock to coffee houses to enjoy it. A coffee house may be as simple as a cozy room with big soft chairs, Wi-Fi and dozens of coffee thinks. Or it may be a place where baristas are coffee chefs and the roasting of beans a serious business. However one looks at it, coffee houses have drawn people for centuries like honey draws flies.

The first public coffee house dates back to 1475 in Constantinople. Turkey, today's Istanbul. Coffee was very important to the culture at the time. A woman was allowed to divorce her husband if he did not keep the coffeepot full! Coffee houses arrived in Europe about 1650 and spread to England by 1652. Some believe the word "tips" first entered the English language in an English coffee house. A jar on the counter had a sign that read "To Insure Prompt Service." Customers who put a coin in the jar were served more quickly.

Thanks to Starbucks, coffee houses can now be found all over the world, and the coffee house phenomenon continues to grow. As of July last year, Starbucks boasted 17,651 coffee hoses in countries around the world. While some folks head for the nearest Starbucks when desperate for coffee, other coffee aficionados want something more. They look for coffee places that offer extra special coffee. These shops offer specialty coffee blends or signature coffee drinks.

In Brazil, serious coffee drinkers visit Isabela Raposeirs. The owner of this coffee house named for her is familiar with coffee growing. She is also skilled in roasting and blending. She travels the world to learn every thing she can about coffee. Her shop boasts an amazing espresso blend.

Those in the Philippines head to the nearest Figaro Coffee shop. This shop serves delicious coffee of several different blends. Their flavored beans are made through a special process that puts the flavor right into the bean. This results in a delicious, long-lasting flavor.

Some of the world's coolest coffee houses offer more than just good coffee. At Brother Baba Budan in Melbourne Australia, customers are rewarded with a unique environment as well as great coffee. Wooden chairs hang from the ceiling. The door handle is a silver coffee shovel. Those who prefer to share their coffee with something furry can visit Usagi-to-Cafe in Japan. People there can sip their coffee and pet one of the 21 bunnies for about US $1 per minute.

At Wash & Coffee in Munich, Germany, patrons enjoy a coup of coffee and use the Internet as they do their laundry. This place aims to make people feel at home! At the Big Knit Cafe' in Bangkok, Thailand, customers are served yarn along with their coffee. The cafe' attracts all levels of knitters - experienced staff offer help to the novices. A coffee house may just serve great coffee, or it may offer something extra. Either way, there's nothing like the rich smell of coffee.


Grammar Gym:
"However one looks at it, coffee houses draw people like honey does flies."
like - attracted.
(subject 1 + verb + object 1) like (subject 2) does (object 2).
Samantha loves shoes like a child does candy.
The sheriff hunts down criminals like a cat does mice.

Vocabulary Tips:
aromatic (adj) - smell is really good.有香味的，很香的。。 aroma (n) -good smell.香味，香气。
*These aromatic herbs are good for your health.
*The aromatic beef not only smells good but also looks very tempting.
beverage (n) - drink.饮料
*All beverages served in the business class sector are free.商务舱
*Shirley is a minor so she can only drink non-alcoholic beverages.无酒精的饮料。
divorce - married people decided not to be together anymore. 与配偶离异，离婚。
*The couple divorced only two years after they got married.
*Al and his wife got divorced last winter.
*The nasty divorce not only hurt themselves, it also hurt their children.丑陋方式离婚
prompt - response very quickly, done it in an expecting time or in a very short amount time of waiting. 立即，马上。很快，不耽搁。
*Prompt replies are essential in customer service.
*A prompt reaction is necessary if you work in the ER.
*This tenant is always prompt with his payment. 交房租从不耽延。
cozy - small but very comfortable place, can be a warm chair with a blanket in the winter. cozy room, cozy chair.
dozens - many, a lot.
baristas - someone knows how to prepare or making coffee.
however looks at it - see it from different angles.
flood - a group of people, a group of animal. many , a lot of people.
phenomenon (n) -现象。you can see it grow or develop, something is observable.
*The phenomenon of bullying has already existed for a long time.
phenomena (复数n) -现象
*As a reporter, you should study various social phenomena.各种社会现象。
desperate -can't wait, must have, can't not do without it.渴望的，极度需要的。
*At the audition, you can see many young talents desperate to be on stage.
desperate -绝望的。
*While isolated, patients might feel desperate and lonely.
blend -salad mix with dressing, we call blend, but here means mix things together to come out a new thing, mix liquid together to come out a special liquid or  mix color together to make a unique color. 混合，调配。
*The chef blended the butter with some salt.
*The barista blended 4 different kinds of coffee beans for the coffee shop's house blend.
espresso (n) - a kind of coffee. a bit more just coffee, has very strong taste and flavor.意式咖啡的一种。。
*The customer ordered a double espresso.
cappuccino - blend espresso with a certain amount of milk. 意式咖啡的另一种。。
aficionados - people who know coffee very well, very picky about the making process, smell, brew, flavor and taste.
signature - something is someone's specialty that represents that person. 代表作。
familiar with something - have knowledge of something. Accountant is familiar with Accounting, ( Banker is familiar with Banking...)
reward -pay back,  gain. 奖励，奖赏 （回赠，回报）。。
*The hikers who reached the summit were rewarded with a magnificent view.以壮观的景色为奖赏。
*Nathan was given a great bonus as a reward for his hard work.
furry - hairy, things has fur or long hair. 有毛的， 毛茸茸的。毛的。
*These furry toys might causes allergies.
*Kids love to play with furry puppies.
fur (n) -hair skin.毛皮，软毛。
*The lady was wearing a fox fur around her neck.
patron (n) - customers, people who come often. 旅馆或是餐馆的主顾，顾客。
*Many patrons came for the chef's delicious beef stew.
*These parking spaces are for our patrons only.
patron (n) -赞助者。
*Jeffrey is an enthusiastic patron for local artists.
novice - the beginner, who just learn, not know too much.新手，初学者。 . 'nove" -有‘新’之意。
*I'm a novice driver. I get lost all the time.
novice at - 那方面的新手，初学者用“at”
*As a novice at directing, he still has a lot to learn. 在导演方面。
shovel (n)- scoop, spoon.
aim to do something - purpose for something. goal for something.
yarn - thread made of fur. knitting with yarn.
experience - knew, learn.
there's nothing like something - nothing can compare.

Language Tips:
tips - some believe is came from " To Insure Prompt Service".小费（它的由来）
acronym -字头语。20 世纪之后才流行被运用。
tips - acronym of T.I.P.S. of To Insure Prompt Service. 本文中提到是1950上下的年代，还没有acronym 的使用。
some believe...- the most of times are not true. 看见.“some believe.就要注意，真是这样吗？（很多时候不是真的）。.
insure -promise.保险，买保险，投保。
ensure -make sure.确保。
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Starbucks -辛巴克咖啡。
Moby Dick -美国早期的一本著名小说。
Pequod - 在Moby Dick的一艘船的名字。早期辛巴克咖啡的合伙人们要为它们的咖啡shop取名字，有人提议用Pequod 为名，但被其中一个合伙人否决了。
Starbuck -Pequod 船的大副的名字。后来巴克咖啡的合伙人们决定用大副的名字Starbuck 为名。
Starbucks -因为合伙人不是一个，所以在Starbuck 之后，加上“s”. Starbucks 由此而来。
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do their laundry -清洗衣服
laundry （年）- 指未清洗的赃衣服。也指清洗后的干净衣服。
I have to do the laundry - 指未清洗的赃衣服
Can you hang up the laundry? 指清洗后的干净衣服
laundry = the wash (n)
come out in the wash -在洗涤的过程中被除去。即“真相大白，水落石出”。



Leaning notes of "StudioClassroom"

The History of Women's Trousers

Women and pants have had an interesting history
女性著褲裝的有趣歷史 - 女性和褲子有著引人入勝的歷 史淵源.

On May 28, 1923, the top lawyer in the U.S. said women could wear slacks. Up until that time it was not acceptable for American women to wear pants. Even with this change, however, people still considered women in trousers a shocking idea.

Today, though, times have changed, and pants are a staple in most women's closets. What are some factors that made this item of clothing acceptable?

Women's rights
In New York City around 1850, some ladies became involved in women's rights and dress reform. Many of them wore full-cut pants known as "bloomers" under their skirts. The unique-looking pants were named for Amelia Bloomer, their strongest defender. However, they were heavily criticized by most people. While some women wanted to be free of their heavy skirts, they didn't like the unpopular bloomers. Yet these early pants were a glimpse of the future as women continued pushing for equal rights.

Practical Matters:
When men went off to fight in World War I, Women's roles changed. They were forced to take jobs that were traditionally performed by men. As women began working in factories and fields, they discovered that skirts weren't practical. So they wore trousers on the job.

Women once again performed traditional male jobs during World War II. Often they would borrow pants and overalls from their husbands, fathers and brothers. But trousers still weren't acceptable outside of work.

Fashionable influences 
Hollywood began to change that concept, though. When stars Katharine Hepburn and Grace Kelly appeared wearing pants, many fashionable ladies copied the look. However, most women during the 1940s and 50s still preferred to wear dresses and skirts.

Teen choice
In the 1950s teenage girls chose rolled-up blue jeans for casual wear. In the 60s, they chose bell-bottom jeans, and in the 70s, designer jeans.

In the 21st century, women feel free to wear different types of pants on most occasions. From bloomers to business suits, women and their trousers have come a long way.

Grammar Gym:
Talk about people who (is) are not easy to change their opinion can use this pattern:
"Even with (a certain situation), however, people still consider (something 1) a (something 2).
Even with his experience, however, people still considered the politician an unlikely candidate for the next election.
Even with all that Cinderella has done for her family, her step-mother still considers her a lazy worker.

Vocabulary Tips:
acceptable (adj) -is okay.可接受的， 可认同的。  accept (v) - 接受
*Smoking indoors used to be an acceptable behavior.
unacceptable - not acceptable, is not okay.
*It's totally unacceptable to be tardy constantly. 经常迟到
staple - tape together, here means you use, wear, or eat a lot, very often, is necessarily in your daily life.主要部分。主题。
*Rice is the staple food in many Asian countries.
*Jeans and T-shirts are staple items in most kids' closets.
staple -major subject.主题
*Since when did information from tabloids become a staple of TV news? 八卦消息。。
reform -change to way are done. change. 改革，革新。"re" -有“否定”之意。 "form" -形状，形成。
*Economic reform take a long time, and it will take at least three years to see any improvement in the country.
*The tax system needs to be thoroughly reformed.
criticized -say something about someone or something in negative way. 批评，评估。
criticism (n) -批评。usually give bad comments.
*The government was heavily criticized for is unrealistic new policy.被严厉批评。。。不切实际的。
constructive criticism - is a good way to say something that help people to improve, get better. 建设性的批判。
*Please criticize what I wrote, so I can improve my writing. - (this is constructive criticism.)。
critic (n)- people who criticizing.评论家。
*This play received very good reviews from the critics.
slacks- pants, trousers. slacks is a relax, comfortable but look nice pants.
shocking - surprised.
shocking idea - an idea is surprised, not expected.
free of - don't have.
free of something - take something off that not bothering anymore.
*Since I free of my tie,I feel much relax now.
to push for something - fight or work hard for what you want, or get something done.
factor - reason. you make decision need to think many other factors.
practical - useful. 实用的，实际可行的。
*Their shoes are not flashy, but they are very practical for everyday life.
*Mom's suggestions are always objective and practical.
overalls (n) - a long pants that cover the top of body. 连身裤，连身工作服。
*Dad loves to wear his old overalls while working on his car.
overall (adj) - entire, whole, all. 整体的，全身的，全面的。
*Paula's overall job performance is above average.
fashionable - good looks and popular. 流行的，时尚的。 fashion -流行
*These magazines introduce the latest fashionable designs.
*The fashionable hairstyle made him look 10 years younger than his real age.
occasion - event, special event. 场合。
*Richard decided to save his nicest suit for special occasions.
*We met at an occasion last Christmas.
role - what you play, what you be. 角色。
went off to - went to.
outside of working - not at working.
casual - not formal. something you wear everyday and comfortable.
bell-bottom : the bottom of pants, the shape as a bell.喇叭裤管。
to come a long way - take a long way to develop and change till now.

Language Tips:
pants -裤子原本是俩件，一腿一个，拉上到腰际，再绑住。后来经过改良之后，仍然用复数，延至今日。
shirt / jacket / sweater -都是单数。
where are my pants?
There they are. 裤子的代名词也要记住用复数。
pant leg -裤管。
He rolled up his right pant lag. 卷起。。右裤管。
short pants -短裤
long pants-长裤。
pants - refer to "long pants" 指长裤。
shorts - refer to "short pants". 简称短裤。
I just love those shorts.
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look - 看。.此指appearance“造型，服装打扮。”
looks - （复数名词）指外表，外貌，也指人的容貌，面貌。
good looks - 指美貌，或身材的曼妙。no saying "bad looks".



Taking notes of study "StudioClassroom".

Learning Notes.(1)

Language Tips:
bug - insects, or talk a person who are interested on something very much.对什么狂热的人。
shutter - 照相机上的快门。
shutterbug -热爱照相的人。
litterbug -爱丢纸屑的人。
cuddle-拥抱。
cuddle-bug -喜爱被拥抱的人，大多对小孩或小猫，小狗，称呼它们cuddle-bug。
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verbing - turn a "nuon" into a "verb".
friend (n) -
to friend (v) someone.-to make friend with someone.
You can be more particular about who you friend (v).
Google (n) -
to google - to search.
text (n) -
texting, text (v) - to text.
access (n) -
access (v) - to access.
bookmark (n) -
bookmark (v) -to bookmark.
microwave (n) -
microwave (v) - to microwave.

Vocabulary Tips:
presentation -the way it look interesting. the way the food placed on the plate.摆盘，呈现，展示。（不可数n）
*The presentation of a dish determines how the customers perceive it.顾客如何看这道菜。
presentation  -介绍，报告。
*Jonathan prepared a lot of charts for his presentation.报告。
status -状态，情况。
*Patrick constantly checks the status of his friends on Facebook.
status -状况。
*The financial status of the company is getting worse.财务状况。。每况日下。
worth one's while -worth to spend time on something.值得花上时间的。 'worth'-值得, 'while' -一段时间
*I like shopping on-line. I think shopping at department stores isn't worth my while.
*Come with me to the gym! I promise I'll make it worth your while.值回票价，值得花上时间的。
scroll (v)- go up or go down the page to look at something.（在电脑荧幕上）滚动，滑动。
*I scroll down and found the file.
*Sam scrolled down to the end of the document.
scroll (n) -卷轴。
*The archaeologists found some scrolls with an ancient language when they were working at that site.
your are sure doing something - "are sure" - definitely 加强语气.
*your are sure hungry- 你真是饿坏了。
creepy - something make you feel uncomfortable, a bit scary, and nervous. 令人紧张不安的，令人毛骨悚然的。
*Ellen couldn't fall asleep after hearing those creepy stores.
creep -指‘毛骨悚然的感觉’。
*The dark corner of the building always gives me the creeps.
particular -详细的，特别的，指定的，讲究的。
particular about -特别讲究在某方面要用“about ”
*Martha is very particular about food.
*In our training, particular emphasis will be put on self-expression.
inappropriate -not proper, not right, something people usually not able to accept. 不合适的，不恰当的。 'in' -又否定之意。 'appropriate' -合宜的，合适的，恰当的。
*It's inappropriate to cut into other people's conversations.
appropriate -合宜的，合适的，恰当的。
*Is it appropriate to call him directly?
stick to something -对某件事坚持不变的。
*Jennifer decided to stick to her story no matter what.
stick to something -紧跟着。
*Make sure that you stick to the trail.紧跟着登山路径。
site - refer to website.
blog site- people write what they think on the website.
regularly - often.
don't talk to them regularly - not talk to them often.
something is creepy - something that make you feel uncomfortable, scary, nervous, worry.
particular of something - something you care, you insist.  You only do under a certain rule, certain way, or certain things.
keep someone in a loop - keep someone in the updated. share how the situation in process in coming.

Grammar Gym:
But I think I'll stick to just posting what I think is important.
'stick to ' - stay together-When gum sticks to the bottom of your shoe, it's not easy to get it off.
'stick to' - to focus on (one activity and not on other activities.)
Just stick to your homework; don't waste time on other things.
It's not healthy to stick to your computer all day and not do other things.
That is only one opinion. Maybe you think it is not important, but others may think it is very interesting.

3-D Printing: No Factory Required!

This magical technology turns 3-D designs into 3-D objects
3D印刷：自己來就行！ - 這項神奇的技術把3D設計變成三 度空間的立體實物.

Printing images is easy: Select an image of a purple robot on your PC, for example, and then press print. Your home printer precisely shoots drops of ink onto a flat piece of paper, creating the robot's 2-D image. "Printing" 3-D objects is something altogether different. Take the purple robot. First select a file of the 3-D model of the robot and send it to your special 3-D printer. Immediately, the printer begins making noise, and a nozzle releases plastic material in thin layers, over and over again. In two to three hours, a 3-D purple robot is standing before you!

3-D printing: then and now
3-D printing technology first appeared in the 1980s. At that time, it was used as an inexpensive way for companies to make prototypes before creating final products. But 3-D printing technology has matured to the point where printers can now create high-quality objects using a variety of materials, including metals. That means 3-D printers can now make final products that meet high industrial standards. 3-D printers are already being used to make parts for race-cars and jets as well as artificial limbs and hearing aids.

The future of 3-D printing
One startling ability 3-D printers have is that they can print parts of themselves. This ability could come in handy for future space missions, like building a base on Mars Instead of transporting heavy equipment to Mars, engineers could send one 3_D printer that could "print" multiple printers. Each one could be used to make certain objects - from doors to windows - for astronauts to assemble.

An even more incredible application of 3-D printing technology is being tested in the medical field. A company called Organovo has developed a type of 3-D printer that can take a human's cells and use them to create organic tissues. Organovo successfully printed their first blood vessels in 2010, and they are looking ahead to the day when they can print entire replacement organs.

Making an impact
Last year, analysts at the Atlantic Council released a report titled "Could 3-D printing Change the World? The authors predict that 3-D printing will be a game changer on many levels. They believe that 3-D printing could have "as profound an impact on the manufacturing world as the PC and the Internet on the information world.

Grammar Gym:
"Take the purple robot" - "take" usually means "use hands to reach the subject and hold it".
"Take the purple robot" - "take"  here means "take for example".
Robert has so many crazy stories about his travels; take the time when he was stuck in Mexico City without his passport.
Mrs. Jensen's students are very creative; take Timothy and his artwork.

Vocabulary Tips:
precisely - exactly.精确地，准确地。
*No one knows precisely how many people survived the train crash.生还
precise (adj)- 精确的，准确的。
*The precise location of the stolen car has not been determined yet.
nozzle - the narrow end of the tube, which may dispensing liquid.喷嘴。
*The nozzle of the fire extinguisher was jammed.堵住了。
*The gas nozzle automatically stops adding gasoline when the tank is full.
prototype - a sample which is just designed.新发明出来设备或机械的样本，样品，原型，原模型。 "prot" -“第一个”之意 "type"-典型。
*The prototype of the new car was built by a group of Japanese engineers.
mature - has change and develop gradually. 成长，成熟。
*Teenage girls usually mature faster than teenage boys.
mature -趋于完善。
*Her acting skills mature rapidly over the years.
maturity (n)-成熟。
*The girls delayed maturity was caused by a hormonal imbalance. 落后发育成熟，过缓成熟。。荷尔蒙失调。
then - refer to the pass, back then.
startle - startling 使震惊，使惊吓。使吓一跳。
*Ray's sudden resignation startled everyone in the company.
startling (adj) -unexpected, take you by surprise.令人惊讶的。
*The girl's startling looks made her a rising star in modeling.
incredible -hard to believe.不能置信的，令人无法相信的，不可思议的。惊人的。 "in" -有‘否定’之意。 , "credible" -可信的。
*The boy has an incredible memory.
*The incredible voice of the singer captured the attention of the entire audience.
replacement-take place of the original one.代替者，替代。 replace -替代，替换。
*Our computers are too old and too slow and require replacement.
*The quarterback was seriously wounded, and the team needs a replacement quickly.补空缺。补位。替代。
profound -very deep and far in influence..深远，深奥的。
*George's tragic childhood has had a profound impact on his character. 对他性格。。影响深远。
profound -知识渊博
*Professor Frasier's profound knowledge of ancient Egypt amazed us.
transport - from one place to another.
assemble - put things or parts together.
looking ahead to - looking forward to it. not happen yet but we expect it to happen.
a game changer - changing the way of lifestyle and the way the things have done in the world or in the society.
"game" - refer to the way the things have done in the world or in the society.
game - something we play for fun.
profound impact - influence or effective far and deep.


Language Tips:
quotation mark - " "引号。简称“quote"
irony -反讽。不认同，有嘲讽之意。
"Printing" 3-D objects is something altogether different.
printing - is in the quotation, which means the writer is not total agree that machine is doing is called "printing"
air quotes -raise your hands in the air, the pointer and the middle fingers are curved.
the word in the quotation, the meaning of the words usually has opposite meaning.用括号来标示，通常是并不认同括号里的话的意思。
he says he is "busy" -用括号，代表你不认为他真的很 "busy".
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handy -与手有关的，手很巧的。
My brother is handy with electronic devices.对电子器材操作自如。
handy-手头的，手边的，离手很近的。
keep a pen handy 将笔放在离自己很近处，随手可得。
handy-容易操作的。好使用的。
a handy reference book.很好使用的参考书。
handyman-a person who is very capable in fixing things.家中若有一个handyman，什么东西坏了，修理就不担心了。
print themselves -印出自己的零件。
come in handy -派上用场。




Taking notes of study "StudioClassroom"

New Kid on the Block

Life in an American junior high school
街角的新面孔 - 美國國中生活點滴.

As the new kid on the block, my daughter Irene needs to deal with and overcome several difficulties. Fortunately, there are detailed instructions for parents and students who move to our area. From enrollment to the academic program, we followed the step by step.

My daughter graduated from grade school in Taipei, so she is entering the seventh grade. Each semester, the school holds an orientation for transfer students like her and new sixth graders.  We thought that would be the perfect time for us to learn more about the school. However parents aren't allowed! The school expects middle-schoolers to be independent and have self-discipline. So my brave daughter went with two new friends from church.

The activities included getting to know your campus, finding your classrooms and learning how to read the bulletin board. In the classroom, the students played Bingo in small groups to learn more about each other.

The second week of the semester, the school had a "back to school" night. Parents meet the teachers and learn about their child's schedule, requirements and grading. The biggest difference between elementary and middle school is that the students change classrooms for each subject. Do you think that's complicated? Wrong! From Monday to Friday, the schedule also changes. Math can be the first class on Monday and then the second one on Tuesday. I'm still confused but the kids have no problem after the first week.

Students attend seven classes each day. Every student has different classes from the others depending on their electives. Some study Spanish, some learn French. Classes end at 2:40, and the school bus takes the students home. So far, Irene has missed the school bus twice and gone to the wrong class once. But I think she likes her new school. This new kid on the block is finding her way despite the language barrier. We can only stand beside her, support her and look forward to a great school year!

Grammar Gym:
This new kid on the block is finding her way despite the language barrier.
"to find one's way" - to find a direction from one place to another.
"to find one's way" - to figuring things out.
Jason would not have found his way in the corporate world if he hadn't followed his father's advice.
With good common sense and a positive working attitude. Janet is finding her way in her new job.

Vocabulary Tips:
enrollment -注册，入学。 "en" -是如何如何。 "roll" -名册，名单。
*Enrollment for this semester is already closed.
enroll (v) -使入学，使注册。
*Mandy tried to enroll her daughter in a private school.
academic -学业的，（重音在第三节）
*Alice's academic performance at school is outstanding.
academic -学业成绩优异的。
*Hank is bright, but not very academic.
academy (n) -学院。
*a police academy.
self-discipline :自律，自我约束。 'self'-自己 'discipline'-纪律
*To become a great athlete requires determination and self-discipline.需要决心与自律
self-disciplined -自律的
*He lives a self-disciplined lifestyle.过着自律的生活方式。
bulletin board -公布栏，公告栏。 'bulletin'-公布，公告。 'board'-板。
*Our poster was taken off the bulletin board.
*The time and the location of the meeting will be posted on the bulletin board.
block - street block, refer to the area, the street block where they live.
fortunately - good news.
step by step - one thing at a time, slowly follow the instruction.
the grade school - the elementary school.
orientation - introduction, tell you more about what you need to know.
transfer student - who start at one school and go to another school.
the first year junior high student / the 6th grader -In U.S.A. the junior high start on 6th grade, the elementary is from first grade to fifth grade. The 6th grade is the first year in junior high.
self-discipline / self-control :
self-discipline - do whatever you should do without parents tell you.
self-control - not to do what you shouldn't do without people remind you not to do.
complicated (adj) -not simple, not easy. 复杂的。 complicate (v)-使复杂。
*The application procedure is too complicated for me.
complicated -混乱的，麻烦的。
*The situation in the Middle East is complicated.
confused - not understand very well.感到困惑，或是不清楚的。 confuse -使迷惑。
*The new computer system made me so confused.
confused about -那件事令人感到困惑要在confused后面加"about"。
*I am confused about how to get to the train station.
elective (n) - 选修课， 选出来的。 elect (v)-选出。select.
*I chose marketing as one of my electives.
*Wilma holds an appointed position while Donna holds an elective office.
despite - disregard, regardless of the situation, still....虽然，尽管。。。。仍然。。。怎样。。
*Susan finished her doctoral degree despite her illness.
*Despite the objections of their parents, Ricky and Chloe still got married.
requirement - something you have to have or do.
so far - up to this time, up to this point.


Language Tips:
break the ice - 破冰， 把冰打破。把僵局打开， 特别指在彼此不认识的情况下，某人开口讲话，打破尴尬，消除沉默的气氛，他就是break the ice。
ice -冰，也指人与人之间的矜持。
icebreaker -破冰游戏。彼此不认识的活动中，主持人总是先来个icebreaker -破冰游戏。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
elective - 选修课，不是必修课。
global understanding -对世界的认识。也可帮助自己的世界和各国文化的增进， 也能帮助你进入号的大学，或获得更好的工作。更能欣赏外国的电影，音乐，书籍。更值得的是你可以结交很多世界各国不同的朋友。



Taking notes of study "StudioClassroom"

Running Right

Running is great exercise – if you do it right
正確跑步方式 - 跑步是很棒的運動，但要有正確 的做法.

The sun is out. The weather is pleasant. It's a great day for running. But before you start, here are some tips for avoiding injuries.

Be safe
Pay attention to what's happening around you while you run. If you are running along a road, wear light-colored clothes so drivers can see you.

Listen to your body
Running is tiring and can hurt. But consistent pain indicates that something is wrong. Maybe you need to change the way you move to put less pressure on certain muscles or joints. Or maybe you're overtired and need a day off. Resting when necessary will help you get back to running as soon as possible.

Choose good shoes
Pick comfortable shoes that fit the unique shape of your foot. This will prevent strain on your feet, ankles, legs and back.

Mix it up
Many experts recommend cross-training - doing other physical activities besides running. That could mean biking, swimming or playing a sport. By varying your exercises, you avoid injuries caused by repeated motion.

Following this simple advice will help you stay safe while you get healthy.

Grammar Gym:
Resting when necessary will help you get back to running as soon as possible.
"when necessary" - when it is necessary.
Don't take this medicine every day. Take it only when necessary.
Mr. Martin rarely uses his cell phone; he makes calls only when necessary.

Vocabulary Tips:
consistent - happen over and over, happen all the time. 持续的。
*You can see a consistent improvement in this student's performance.
consistently (adv.) -持续地。
*The defendant consistently denied all the changes.
pressure -压力。也指“心理上的压力".
press -压。push.
*Apply pressure to the wound to stoop the bleeding.
*Eddie has been under a lot of pressure. He needs a break.
strain -紧张，扭伤，拉伤。变形。曲解，拉紧。。
*Warming up before exercising can prevent muscle strain.
strain -负担，压力。
*The public hospital system is under considerable strain because of this infectious disease.
physical -身体的。refer to body.
*a physical exam. -体检。
*Billy's physical condition is worsening.
physical -外在的，有形的，具体的。
*You need physical evidence to prove your car was scratched intentionally.具体的证据。。
injury (n) - someone get hurt.
injure (v) - to injure something.
"to get back to something" - work for a long time, you stop and take a break, then back to what you were doing.
* get back to work, get back to the topic.....
cross-training - get training from different classes.
repeated motion - same gesture doing over and over, again and again.

Language Tips:
running /jogging :
run - fast speed, take less 9 minutes to finish a mile.跑步
jog -fast walking, speed less than run. take more than 9 minutes to finish a mile.慢跑
run and jog 在意义上虽不同，但在口语上可以通用，去慢跑，可以说去跑步。
I'm going running. 我去慢跑在口语上可以说我去跑步。



Taking notes of study "StudioClassroom"

Springtails

These tiny animals are one of nature’s greatest success stories!
認識小小生物「跳蟲」 -這些小小生物是大自然最優秀的 物種之一！

Springtails get their name from their ability to, well, spring. When they are disturbed, their tails pop out very quickly. This action sends them springing as high as 100 millimeters into the air. That's amazing since most are only a few millimeters long!

Besides jumping springtails have another special ability. They make the soil cleaner because they eat fungus and dead plant material. Their eating habits help reduce the levels of bad chemicals in the soil.

With more than 6,000 different species, springtails come in many shapes, sizes and colors. These tiny, insect-like creatures live in wet soil in large groups. Some areas have as many a a million springtails per acre of soil! That's why some scientists say springtails are among the most successful animals on Earth.

In 1996 in Austria, fireman were called about a chemical spill. They arrived to find that the area on the road wasn't chemicals, but several million springtails. Springtails often gather together on roads, snow and puddles. They jump together in the same direction. People watching might think a giant puddle is moving.

Grammar Tips:
Springtails get their name from their ability to, well, spring.
well - how something is done.  That was a job well done!
well - here is filler that give people to think.
A: Why did you do that?
B: Well, I wasn't paying attention.
A: Do we all have to clean the kitchen?
B: Well, you could take the trash out.
"well" - get a pause let people to think or have something to say.

Vocabulary Tips:
pop out / popping out/ popped out -弹出，跳出，
*My eyes almost popped out of my head when I heard the news.
pop out -也指“出去,冒出来了”
*Sam popped out to get some pizza and drinks and will be right back.
reduce - make less.减少，降低。
*The doctor suggested Rita reduce her calorie intake to control her weight.
*The company will reduce their workforce by 20%.
species (n) -单，复数拼法相同都要有"s"在字尾。生物的物种，种类，种，外形。
*There's hundreds of species of butterflies in Taiwan.
*This flower species is rare and can only be found in this area.
creature (n) -创造物，生物。 create (v)-创造
*This creature can survive in extreme weather conditions.
creature -人
*I have to keep the secret and cannot tell a single creature. 任何一个人。

Language Tips:
nature -大自然
Mother Nature -大自然之母。大地之母。
personification -凝人化，赋予生命给事物，使其凝人化。
Mother Nature smiled on us with this warm weather.凝人化，称大自然为大自然之母。
nature vs. nurture.自然 vs.养育
nature -自然，天然。
nurture -养育，包括供养，抚育以及教育，训练等。


Taking notes of study "StudioClassroom"

Wants and Needs

 Knowing the difference between wants and needs can save your company
「想要」不等於「需要」 - 了解想要與需求的不同，能保住 公司命脈.

Ben and Sandy Johnson have just moved their company into a new office. Business is good, and Ben thinks it might be time to have fun.

Uncle Bob: Hey, Ben , How's the new office?
Ben: It's really nice. You should visit some time.
Uncle Bob: I'd like that.
Ben: Wait until we finish the game room, though, it's going to be exceptional.
Uncle Bob: Game room?
Ben: Why are you putting a game room in your office? I think it might be beneficial for our working environment.
Uncle Bob:  How will it benefit your staff?
Ben: Well, lots of tech companies have amenities in their office, and it seems to be working for them.
Uncle Bob: That doesn't mean that everything can be formulated the same for every company. It sounds to me like you're confusing wants and needs.
Ben: What do you mean? Sometimes they're the same thing.
Uncle Bob: Not really. Needs are things that you really can't do without. Wants are things you would like to have.
Ben: But what's wrong with wanting a game room?
Uncle Bob: There's nothing wrong with wanting a game room. You just need to remember that the things you want aren't always good for you. And that is especially true in business.
Ben: But what about Google? They offer free meals, fitness centers and nap pods.
Uncle Bob: For successful companies, perks like those are offered as part of a carefully crafted business strategy.
 How is having great benefits part of a business strategy?
Uncle Bob:Some companies use benefits to recruit high-quality workers. Benefits can also help employees work longer hours and  improve workers longevity by keeping staff healthy and happy.
Ben: So how do I know if something, I want is something the company really needs?
Uncle Bob: You just need to set your priorities.
Ben: The game room is pretty high on my list of priorities.
Uncle Bob: I'm talking about prioritizing spending for your business. Every dollar you spend on something you want is a dollar you can't spend on something you might need.
Ben: So my first priority should be getting things that my company needs to survive and grow.
Uncle Bob: Right, And your second priority should be getting things that might benefit you company tangible ways.
Ben: Like investing in a new product or service?
Uncle Bob: Yes. After you've met those needs, you can start thinking about the things you want.
Ben: Like my game room?
Uncle Bob: Exactly. So when do you want me to visit the new office?
Ben: You'd better just come by next week. If you wait for the game room, you'll be in for a lengthy wait.
Uncle Bob: Sure thing, Ben.

Grammar Gym:
"...you'll be in for a lengthy wait."
"to be in for (something) - can expect (something)
Ted knew he was in for a lecture from his mother when he saw his low grades.
When Joe saw the dark clouds in the sky, he knew he was in for some heavy rain.
The audience knew they were in for a treat the minute the magician got on the stage.
I didn't know I was in for a surprise; I thought it was just another regular day at work.

Vocabulary Tips:
amenities -供娱乐，消遣的设备。
*The amenities are available for club members only.
*The workout center is part of the company's amenities.
formulate -用公式表示的，或（照着）复制。
formula (n) -公式
*Not every chain store can be formulated according to the company's plans.
formulate -策划，构想出。
*The movie was formulated by a bunch of college kids.
perk -贴补，额外的待遇。something special, extra benefit.
*A car and a reserved parking space are just a couple of the perks the company offered.
perk -振作，活泼生动有精神起来。
* I perked up after taking a walk. 走路之后，我精神来了。
craft -精心制作。
*The sets for the play were crafted by professionals.
craft -(本文）详细规划。
*The weight loss program is crafted according to one's personal needs.
longevity -长寿。refer to people live for a long years. long years.
*A healthy diet and regular exercise contribute to a person's longevity.
*The invention of vaccines increased human longevity.
prioritize -决定优先顺序，按优先顺序排列。put something important at first place in order.
priority -优先顺序。
*Every day, Stewart will spend a few minutes prioritizing his tasks.任务
prioritize -也指“把某个对象列为优先”。
*The government prioritized the economic growth of the country.
tangible -可以触摸到的，此文指“实质的，真实的”。 tang-接触。can touchable.
*tangible learning materials. 可以实际操作的教材。
*There's no tangible evidence to prove that the suspect is guilty.
lengthy -漫长的，冗长的。long, very long time, a lengthy ride, a lengthy drive. a lengthy wait.
*The professor's lengthy lecture made me feel sleepy.
*The detective wrote a lengthy report about the incident. 洋洋洒洒一长篇报告有关。。。
nap pods - a cozy place where let people to take nap.
you'd better = you had better (to do something).
sure thing - definitely will do it. agree with someone or  to do something.

Language Tips:
keep up with the Joneses -比排场，比阔气。 邻居做什么，买什么，有什么，你也跟上去做，去买，去拥有，仿效他们。不愿落后于人。
Joneses - 指你生活周遭与你社会地位相近的邻居们，某些个Jone 先生们（他们爱花钱，爱现的家庭生活方式）
keep up - 不落后。不输人，保持。
--------------------------------------
wants and needs -想要的和需要的
needs -需要的
wants -想要的
wants and needs try use those rules below may help you saving some money and no regret later:
the ten second rule -(10 秒钟法则）小钱，小东西，买前先等上10秒钟，想想需不需要，如果10秒钟过去了，还想买才买它。
the ten days rule -（10天法则）大东西，贵重的，要花大钱的，如汽车，70寸立体电视，最好等上10天，10天之后，你要买的意念还很强，且想好了又有此预算才买它。很多时候，10天之后，你失去了买他们的冲动，没太大的兴趣想要买了。



Taking notes of study "StudioClassroom"

How Not to Use a Smartphone

Technology should help you, not hurt you
智慧不在手機裡 -科技本應助人而非害人.

Today's smartphones can do almost anything instantly, but like all tools, they should be used wisely. So here is a list of problematic habits that smartphone users should avoid.

Ignoring your surroundings
Imagine you're rushing through a crowded subway station, late for an appointment. Suddenly someone is blocking your way, walking very slowly, drifting back and forth, fiddling with their smartphone. You probably feel annoyed, but do you ever do the same thing? For sake of others and for your own safety, put the phone away while walking.

Recording people without permission
It may be tempting to snap a picture or take a video when you see someone who looks different. But recording people's daily lives can be rude and hurtful. If you want a picture ask for permission.
Your friends may not mind you taking pictures of them. But make sure you ask before posting anything that could be embarrassing online. Displaying their mistakes for the world to see is sure to hurt your friendship. And once pictures are posted, they're impossible to remove.

Disconnecting from people
Smartphones are great tools for communication - except when they replace personal interaction. It's not uncommon to see people sitting together not speaking, but staring silently at their smartphones. Real friendships require face-to-face interaction. Facial expressions and body language express far more than words - or emoticons. What you focus on reflects your priorities. Interrupting a conversation to check your phone implies that the person you're with is less important than your messages.

Missing experiences
If you're at a special event, don't let your phone become a distraction. Turn it off, or use the silent mode so everyone can fully enjoy the experience.

Stifling your creativity
With your smartphone always available, you always have something to do. But that may not be a good thing. some say that unused time is necessary for creative thinking. So resist the impulse to spend every spare moment with your phone. Instead, see what great ideas you can think up.

By avoiding these habits, you can be sure your smartphone is helping - not hurting -you.

Vocabulary Tips:
disconnect - 切断，断开，中断。dis -没有。 connect -联结。连结。
*Peter's phone was disconnected because he forgot to pay his bill.
*Mark decided to disconnect from the chain and buy his own store.
imply (v)- not directly say what you intent to but whoever hears get the message.表明，意味，暗示。
*Susan's remoteness implies her resentment toward her parents.冷漠，疏远。。。。愤恨，怨恨。
*Are you implying that I am the one who stole the money?
*His affection toward the girl is not said, only implied.没明说，只用暗示。
stifle -something not make you free to develop or pursue.抑制，扼杀。
*Asking children always to color inside the lines can stifle their creativity.
*The policy is meant to stifle people's freedom of speech.
*Sherry tried to stifle her giggles but failed. 抑制住呵呵笑。
resist -against.忍耐，抵制，抵抗，抗拒。
*I can't resist the temptation to buy mouth-watering chocolates.
*Larry couldn't resist giving advice to his buddy.
problematic (adj) -having trouble, problem or issue is not able to resolve.有问题的，难以处理的。
problem (n) -trouble. 问题。
back and forth - continuing go forward then back up, and go forward.. or going from side to side. When we talk about decision is hard to make. Back and forth, unable to decide what to do. 前后或左右摇摆的。
drifting -漂流，漂积物，驱逐，意图，要旨，观望，倾向。盲目前进。
fiddle - (fiddling) -playing with something for fun, doing something looks very busy but nothing serious.拨弄，玩弄，摆弄。。（如手拿铅笔无意识的摆弄）
for sack of something - for a reason of something.
for sack of others, for sack of time, for sack of heavy rain...............
tempting - make you to think want to do something. temp -
embarrassing (adj) -丢脸的，难堪的。
embarrass -使丢脸的，使难堪的。
embarrassed -感到丢脸的，难堪的。感到尴尬的。
surrounding - anything is around you.
interaction - talk to people have face to face, get response from each other.互动。
impulse (n)- think of something want to do it right away.冲动，冲击，推动力，刺激，冲力，

Language Tips:
emoticon -表情符号。笑脸 :-), colon, hyphen, and right parenthesis.
caret (n)-脱字符号。以注符号加插其中。
--------------------------------------------------------
text -文字。
texting -手机传简讯。