Make Your Brain Smarter

 Tips for developing an exercise plan for your brain
讓大腦更聰明 - 擬定鍛鍊大腦計畫的訣竅.

You know that eating a sensible diet and getting plenty of exercise help make your body healthy and strong. But did you know that there are ways to make your brain healthier and smarter?

Studies show that when the brain is compelled to do something new, it creates new neural pathways. The more pathways you have, the faster you can think and the better memory you will have. 

Ten steps toward a smarter brain Limit your TV viewing.
Watching an average TV show requires very little brain power and brings the same result as neglecting physical exercise. Your brain will become weak just as your muscles do. If you watch TV, choose something educational and informative.

Travel
Traveling to a new country forces you to see and do things in a new way, providing stimulation to the brain.

Learn a new language 
Acquiring a new language involves different learning methods. Learning a language sharpens your brain and helps prevent memory problems in later years.

Master a new subject
Each week, select an animal, a bird or a fish, and read everything you can about it. Stretch your brain as you become an expert on the subject.

Use your non-dominant hand 
If you are right-handed, use your left hand for everyday activities, or use your right hand if you are left-handed. Doing familiar things in a new way will cause your brain to create new neural networks.

Read often 
As you read, take the time to look up people or places that aren't familiar. Reading expands your vocabulary if you search for words and definitions that you don't know.

Do puzzles
According to the Mayo Clinic, doing sudoku and crossword puzzles keeps the brain sharp into your senior years.

Calculate while you shop
As you put things in your grocery cart, total everything in your head. See how close you get to the actual total.

Play video games
Studies have found that certain video games force you to use critical decision-making skills and can even improve students' math scores.

Tweet!
Read messages from people who represent a wide range of interests. And some say that learning to express yourself in just 140 characters is a great brain challenge!

So get in the habit of challenging your brain, and make yourself smarter!

Grammar Gym:
"Watching an average TV show requires very little brain power and brings the same result as neglecting physical exercise."
[doing something] requires [something ] and brings the same result as [doing something else].
The new kind of artificial lawn requires very little care and brings the same result as having real grass.
Taking care of a cactus requires very little effort and brings the same result as having other kinds of plants.

Vocabulary Tips:
compel - forced you must to do it or have to do it. 迫使，使不得不。
compelled / compelling - 迫使，强迫。
*The company compelled all their employees to work overtime on weekends.
*The government was compelled to lower the tax rate during the recession.
informative - provide information or education that you can learn from it. 提供信息，增长见闻的。
inform (v)-notify you.通知
*The film is not only informative, but also very entertaining.
*The tour book is quite informative and practical.
involve -be a part of something.牵涉，包容，参与。 'in' -使如何。。。 'volve' -卷入。旋转。
*The project involves several departments and hundreds of workers.
*Many politicians were involved in this scandal.丑闻。
sharpen -make it sharper. 使锐利。使尖锐，使敏锐。
sharp -锐利。
*Scott's presentation skill were sharpened at the conference.
*The girl's voice sharpened when her sister argued with her.
sharpen your brain - sharpen your mind, make your brain think faster and quicker to response.
step toward something - is positive thing, that you get better or close to your goal near.
dominant - control, the hand you usually you use it.支配，统治。或是贯用的，占优势的。 'domin' - in charge. -有‘支配，统治’之意。
*My right hand is my dominant hand.贯用的，占优势的
*Teresa was a dominant figure in the fashion business back in the 90's.
dominate - in charge.控制，支配。
*Brenda tends to dominate her children and won't let them make any decisions.
look up - look it up to get more knowledge. 这儿不是‘往上看’之意，此为‘查阅，查询，翻看，查看。
*Sean looked up the meaning of this word on his online dictionary website.
*The boss looked up the employee's address in his file.
in the habit of something - something usually you like to do or you will do it.
critical - important, in a danger situation. 严重的，有危险的，危急的。关键性的
*Getting this loan is critical to the survival of our company.关键性的
*The troops are in a critical state and need help.危险的，危急的
*The patient is in critical condition.危险的，危急的
tweet -express yourself in just a few words.在网上推文。
*The singer tweeted that he is preparing for his second album.
tweet -小鸟的吱吱鸣叫。
*I heard the baby birds tweeting in my backyard.
total (v) ,(n) - total (v) up, the total (n) is...
get out of the something / get in the something.. - get out of the bad habit and get in the good habit of something.

Language Tips:
brain -头脑。大脑。
brain -聪明有头脑的。很聪明，很会用头脑的。
John is the brain of the family. 。。。他家的智囊（星）
brains -智慧。
brawn - strong in muscles.肌肉发达的，
brains vs. brawn -智慧对上了肌肉四肢发达的。 有时事情只靠肌肉的发达行不通时，就要靠智慧去解决了。
a no-brainer - 不是指“没头脑，不用头脑的人”，而是指“有些问题简单的不得了，根本不用去经过脑子就可以回答的了。”
That's a no-brainer - 根本不用想，我就可以告诉你答案了或是我就可以回答你了。
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every day / everyday :
every day: 每一天，
I get up at seven every day.
everyday (adv.) -平常，一般，通常，日常的。
everyday people - 一般的人们。
everyday activities -日常的活动。



Notes taking of Studioclassroom

Healthy Eating on a Budget

You can care for your body and your bank account at the same time
健康飲食很省錢 - 你可以同時保護自己的身體和銀 行帳戶

What can you do if you can't afford healthy food? If you want to save money, are you stuck eating instant noodles and fried rice? Actually there are several ways to get food that will preserve your health - and your savings.

When eating out - Order wisely.
In general, choose grilled, baked or steamed dishes instead of fried ones. And choose vegetables as side dishes in order to fill up on healthy foods rather than fattening ones.

Know your limit
When you're full, stop eating - even if some food remains on your plate. Take the rest to go, and eat it later instead of purchasing an additional snack or meal.

Drink to your health
Fortunately, the least expensive drink is also the healthiest - water. Sodas and even fruit juices are filled with sugar and may contain dangerous chemicals. So instead of paying for a drink, enjoy free water at most restaurants.

Avoid desserts
At the end of your meal, skip the sweets. By not ordering dessert you save money and cut down on calories and sugar.

When cooking. Be prepared.
Healthy inexpensive meals require a little planning. Set a budget to determine how much you can afford to spend on food. Then make a list of what you can buy within that budget.

Once you've made your list, stick to it! To avoid impulse purchases, don't shop when you're hungry. If you can't resist certain treats stay out of the aisles where they're located.

Go natural
Artificial flavors, colors and chemicals added to processed food may contribute to various health problems. So instead of processed food, eat foods you prepare yourself from simple ingredients like fruit, vegetables, whole grains and meat without fat. These foods often cost less, too. Eat fruit and vegetables that are in season. They're cheaper, and they taste better because they're fresh and ripe.

Have fruit for dessert
Healthy eating doesn't mean you can't indulge in something sweet. Fresh fruit can be sweet and delicious -but without the processed sugar and fat of cookies or ice cream.

Following these tips will lead you to healthier - and cheaper -eating habits.

Grammar Gym:
If you want to save money, are you stuck eating instant noodles and fried rice?
'stuck eating instant noodles and fried rice '
'stuck + verb-ing' - (leave only choice)
It rained every day, and we were stuck watching TV in our hotel room the whole time.
Both brothers got the same kind of education, but one became a businessman while the other was stuck earning minimum wage.

Vocabulary Tips:
preserve -维护，保存。 ' pre' -事先，预先 'serve' -保留。 protect it to last for long time.
*Both countries are willing to do their best to preserve peace.
*The chapel was perfectly preserved even though it had been through many wars.
fatten - can cause gaining weight.使发胖的，使肥胖
*These cattle were fattened up so they could be sold at a good price.
fattening -会使人肥胖，发胖的
*Esther tries to avoid fattening food such as soda and sweets.
purchase (v) -买。购买。
*Stella purchased this ring at an auction.
*We purchased our house without any loans.
purchase (n) -购买。
*The purchase was paid for by credit card.
fortunately - good news is that..., in a good news. 幸运地。
*Fortunately, nobody was injured in the car accident.
unfortunately -很不幸地。
*Unfortunately, we missed the bus and didn't get to watch the game.
in general - usually true. 通常是。
stuck - stay with.
skip - don't do it, pass it to another.
cut down - to reduce.
stick to something - once set a goal not to change, stay with it.
impales - on impales, do something right away which you didn't plan it.
inexpensive -价格低廉，便宜的，但没有不好或品质低劣的意思。
*Justin loves to stay at expensive, fancy hotels.
aisle -走道，通道。
*You can find sugar and spices in aisle five.
*Raymond went directly to the frozen food aisle.
aisle - division, section. also use on the flight, the walk way call "aisle".飞机上的走道。's' -不发音。
*I prefer an aisle seat.
ingredient -食材。
*The restaurant only uses organic ingredients.
*The ingredients in this dish are pretty rare.
ingredient -成分，因素。
*The most essential ingredient of a good marriage is mutual trust.
indulge -enjoy what you love, not very common thing you do.满足（享受），宠爱。
indulge in something. 
*After a long day, Renee indulged in a nice long hot bath.满足（享受）
*Mark indulges his wife and kids.宠爱

Language Tips:
"comma", "hyphen" and "dash" -逗点，连字号（比破折号- 线较短），破折号。用来加强语气，强调某件事物
Jack will go skiing in Switzerland this winter, if he gets a raise. 。用逗点，不及"dash"加强语气强调某件事物。
Jack will go skiing in Switzerland this winter - if he gets a raise. 破折号表示加薪是非常重要对已决定的某事而言。。
Fortunately, the least expensive drink is also the healthiest - water.
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double negative -负负得正（数学里）英语，中文，德文语言上也有这理论。
two negative = positive.双重逻辑。负负得正。
Healthy eating doesn't mean you can't indulge in something sweet.
doesn't/can't - 不是不能，就是可以。its okay.
two positive not equal negative. only an exception: 但双重逻辑不能说正正的负。只有一钟情况：
Yeah, right! -不以为然，不相信对方说的。（对方每次都没说实话）



Taking notes of Studioclassroom

Vacations Are Good for You

Taking a break may be the most important thing you do this summer
度假有益身心健康 - 今年夏天，休息也許是最重要 的事

Did you know German law gives all full-time employees 20 vacation days each year? Many European countries have similar laws. That may be because vacations serve an important function: protecting protecting people's health. 

Taking regular vacations corresponds to having a healthier heart. One study says men who miss vacations are 30 percent more likely to have heart attacks. Another looked at women who take vacations every six years or even less often. They're eight times more likely to have heart disease or heart attacks!

Other studies indicate that people who take time to relax usually have lower blood pressure. They also have lower levels of stress hormones and thinner waists! And let's not overlook the happiness that vacations bring . One survey studied people's feelings about spending money. Most were happier spending money on experiences like vacations than on possessions. Perhaps this is because they continued to share the memories with others.

Vacations keep you healthy, happy, and can help build relationships, especially if you take them with family. So what are you waiting for? Take one this summer!

Grammar Gym:
"They're eight times more likely to have heart disease or heart attacks!"
"more likely" - a greater possibility.
more likely to do something-
Kevin is more likely to watch a DVD at home than to go to a movie theater.
Smokers are more likely to get cancer than non-smokers.

Vocabulary Tips:
employee (n) - worker hired by someone. 雇员，职员。员工。employ (v) -hire people to work.雇用。
*Over 20% of our employees are part-time workers.
employer - someone is hiring you. boss.雇主，老板。
*Richard's employer sent him to the company's branch office in Japan.
correspond -relate to something.符合，一致。  "cor"-together.“有一起”之意。
*The statements from the witness and the victim correspond.
correspond to -和。。。一致。
*The patients' reactions to the treatment correspond to what the doctor expected.
overlook - 轻忽了，忽视，忽略了。
*People tend to overlook small but important details.轻忽了微小但是非常重要的细节。
*Accidents happen when safety checks are overlooked. 被忽视，忽略了
overlook -俯瞰，眺望。
*Our suite overlooks a beautiful lake. 住的房间可以眺望美丽的湖。
possession -things you own. 所拥有的东西，财产。 'possess' (v) -拥有。占有。
*Robert lost all his possessions in the fire.
possession -拥有所有权。
*This hard disk is now in the possession of the police.归警方拥有。
serve - use for a purpose.
what are you waiting for - something is good for you, can don't do it. people may say to you.

Language Tips:
vacation days -休假。
personal days -事假。
sick days -病假。
PTO - paid time off. 将一个员工所有可请的有薪加存放在一起，要用时提前二星期先向老板或上司报备一下就可。
staycation - think about money spending and saving money, most people choice to stay home or in town to relax and enjoy their vacation..


Note taking of StudioClassroom

Snakebites

Watch out for poisonous snakes!
小心有蛇 - 要提防毒蛇！

Adults, children and pets around the world experience them. They can result in swelling, bleeding or even death. In India they kill many more people than tiger attacks. Snakebites affect between 1.2 million and five million people each year around the world. Luckily, out of the 3,000 species of snakes that exist worldwide, only 600 have venom according to the World Health Organization. However, any bite can be dangerous if infection sets in. Some types of venom make the bite area swollen or painful. Others cause bleeding or damage the heart's nerves. Here are some especially dangerous snakes.

King cobra
The largest of all poisonous snakes, king cobras can reach 5.5 meters in length. Each king cobra bite contains enough poison to kill an elephant - or 20 people. But these massive snakes usually avoid people. They live throughout India, southern China and Southeast Asia.

Inland taipan
A bite from Australia's inland taipan, the world's most poisonous snake, releases enough venom to kill 100. The good news is that people rarely come in contact with this snake, and a treatment for its venom exist.

Russell's viper
This snake lives throughout Asia, including India, southern China, and on the island of Taiwan. It prefers grassy fields but can be found in forests and urban areas. It bits more people and causes more deaths than any other poisonous snake.

What to do
Snakes may be terrifying, but most are more afraid of you than you are of them. So if you see a snake, stand back and let it slither away. Wear shoes, or better yet boots, when walking outside where snakes might be concealed. Never put your hand somewhere you cannot see. 

If a snake bites you, try to get back so it doesn't bite again. And try to identify it if you can do so safely. Remove any jewelry that could constrict the bitten area. And avoid moving the affected limb to slow the venom's spread. Most importantly, go to an emergency medical center immediately to get antivenin, a medicine that will stop the venom's effects. Even the most dangerous bites can be cured with quick medical treatment.

Grammar Tips:
"...try to identify it if you can do so safely."
"do so" - "do this"
The subject is the same, and the thing has mentioned before, you can use "do so".
Julia's boss has asked her to send out the letters, and she has already done so.
Thomas waited too long to quit his job; he should have done so sooner.

Vocabulary Tips:
venom (n) - a liquid out of animal's  body, contains poison, is very dangerous for venom gets into human body or blood.毒液，毒汁。经过叮咬而输入毒汁入内。
venomous (adj) - 有毒的。愤恨恶毒的，有害的。 有毒的，含有恶意的.
*Just a tiny bit of the snake's venom can kill's a person in hours.
venom -恶毒，愤恨。恶意，怨恨。
*You can feel venom in his expression. （看到）感觉到在他的脸上有愤恨之气。
poison - toxic,something can kill you or cause you serious harm, 败坏道德之事。有害的主义，弊害。含有毒物质并存在固体，液体里。有毒，毒。
poisonous (adj) -有毒的，含有毒素的。
* poisonous mushrooms. 有毒的蘑菇。
*The water contains poison.有毒的水。
set in-某件不好的事产生，开始或到来。（不好的事）蜂涌而至，接踵而来。
*When the love between the couple faded away disappointment set in.
*Despair began to set in as the disease got worse.
massive -big in numbers, or shape, huge. a bib amount of something.大量，大批，大笔。。。
'mass' -big, many.很多很大，大量，数目多的。
*Massive air atrackes almost ruined the city.
*Many lotto winners didn't know how to deal with such a massive amount of money.
around the world - worldwide.
infection -感染，传染contiguous, contiguous infection.,。传染病，情绪。
the good news is....-不好的先说了，接下来就提到好的事。提说好的事。
enough something for someone. -有足够。。对于。。
terrify- something make you fear.使惊吓，使害怕，使感到恐怖的。
terrified -feared. 受到惊吓。
* An outbreak of the highly contagious disease terrified the country.
terrifying (adj) -可怕的。
*The terrifying experience of being bullied still lingers Jr. Vance's mind.
slither -the action that snake does. snake not walk, snake slither. 滑动，滑行。
*We saw a snake slither across the path in front of us.
*We tripped and slithered down the bank.滑倒。
conceal -hidden, let no one find it.隐藏，遮住，
*The girl put on very thick foundation to conceal her scar.
conceal -隐匿，隐藏，掩饰。
*The secret agent concealed his true identify for years. 隐藏，掩饰他真实的身份。
constrict -挤压，拉紧。
*Mark doesn't like wearing any kind of tie because he hates the feeling of being constricted.挤压，拉紧的感觉。
constrict -约束，限制。
*Even though Helen was constricted by her disabilities, her story impacted many people's lives.受残障约束，限制。。。。。影响很多人的生命。
in - (place) in L.A., in U.S.A.
on - (island) Taiwan is a place, actually is an island. island is on the water or seas. here specify Taiwan is is Island.
better yet - you suggested some idea first, while you are saying, the second idea come out even better than the first one. you can use " better yet " to give out the second suggestion.

Language Tips:
snakebites.被蛇咬伤。
suspense - 悬疑，这文使开始先不提是什么，前三句话只提“对象”有多可怕，多危险。第四句话才告读者，是什么。增加阅读者的兴趣。建议写文章时，不妨加一点悬疑，不直接就把答案说出来，而引读者入胜。人的好奇心使然。
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poisonous -有毒的，经由皮肤，吞食或呼吸，吸入人体的伤害物质。有毒的长春藤，使皮肤过敏。吞食有毒的青蛙，青蛙的身上的毒会杀死吞吃它的动物。
venom -毒汁，毒液。有毒的汁液，经由虫咬，蜇伤而侵入或注入人体，使人中毒。如蛇，蜘蛛，蝎子，蜜蜂等体内的毒汁，毒液入侵人体。
venomous -有毒的，有毒的汁液，汁液有毒。
venom/poison -毒汁，毒液/ 有毒的物质。


Notes taking from "StudioClassroom"

Eat for Energy

What kinds of food can you eat to increase your energy?
能量食物解碼 - 你該吃什麼食物來增加活力能量？

It's the middle of the afternoon. You've been working hard all day. But now you can't keep your eyes open, and your mind starts to wander. Suddenly, a pain in your stomach brings you back to reality. You need a snack. You take a break and go to the nearest convenience store. You stare at the rows of chips, candy and soda. But before you grab just any snack, stop and think. What food will give you healthy, long-lasting energy? 

Water
Yes, Water. Your body uses water to absorb the things it needs. Water also helps your cells get the things they need to keep them working. Each day, make sure you are drinking enough water, especially if you are exercising.

Almonds
These little treats are full of protein, fiber and good fats. They help you stay full. Almonds can also reduce your risk of heart disease. And they contain lots of omega-3 fatty acids that can help keep you focused.

Fruit
Fruit of all kinds contain healthy carbohydrates, which will raise your energy level quickly. They have fiber, which will fill you up, and lots of vitamins. Bananas make especially good snacks because they have lots of potassium. This important mineral keeps your nerves and muscles working well.

Whole grains
Whole wheat, oats and brown rice give you fiber, good carbohydrates and vitamins. They provide energy that will stay with you until your next meal. For snack, try a sandwich on whole-wheat bread or whole-grain cereal sprinkled over yogurt. And speaking of yogurt.....

Greek Yogurt
All yogurt is great for digestion. But thick Greek yogurt has extra protein for longer-lasting energy.

Dark chocolate
There's nothing wrong with enjoying an occasional treat - especially if it's chocolate. Chocolate provides minerals like iron that can increase your energy. But aim for chocolate that's at least 70 percent cacao. It provides more health benefits - and less sugar.


Grammar Tips:
"But before you grab just any snack...."
"just any snack" -does not what kind of snack - any snack is fine.\
I need to borrow a cup - just any cup is fine.
Not just anybody can come to this party; only personal friends of the boss are invited.

Vocabulary Tips:
wander - 漫游，（无目的的闲逛）walking around without direction, aim or purpose.
*The homeless people kept wandering around the streets.
wander -蜿蜒，（不及物v+介系词+受词）没目标，顺着而行。
*The river wanders down the valley.河流蜿蜒着山谷而下。
convenience store -便利商店。a store has everything you need,  is very convenience for you.
convenience (n) -便利，方便。
*I bought a latte at a convenience store this morning.
*This convenience store chain is making a great profit this year.
absorb -吸收。draw something in like sponge. absorb water, absorb information, absorb knowledge.
*The medicine can be absorbed completely in 20 minutes.
*These solar panels absorb heat from the sun and transform it into energy.
*Airbags can absorb the impact of car crashes.
protein -蛋白质。
*Athletes need to take in a lot of protein to have strong muscles.运动员需要吸取大量的蛋白质才有强壮的肌肉。
*Nuts and soybeans are rich in protein.坚果与大豆（黄豆）有丰富的蛋白质。
*White meat is a healthy source of protein. 白肉是健康的蛋白质来源。
keep - to hold.
keep something away from....
long lasting - last long, battery and light bulb we wish they have long lasting.
carbohydrate （可数n） -碳水化合物。简称： "carb"
*Henry's doctor suggested that he eat a diet high in carbs. (carbohydrates)
*Ray is diabetic, so he should control his intake of carbohydrates.
vitamin -维他命，维生素。
*Nancy bought a lot of vitamin supplements for her parents.补充品。
*Cherries are rich in Vitamin C.
*Vitamin A deficiency can affect one's sight. 不足会影响人的视力
yogurt -sour taste, a kind of diary product. frozen yogurt taste as ice cream.
plain yogurt -原味尤胳乳。（酸奶）
*This low-fat yogurt tastes as delicious as the regular kind.
*Because yogurt contains active cultures, it is especially good for digestion.
benefit - advantage, good things, good for ...益处，好处。或“福利”。
*One of the benefits of getting up early is having a little more time than others.
*The employees here enjoy great benefits including an annual bonus and free health insurance.
potassium - a kind of mineral. it's important to our body. 钾。。
mineral - 矿物质
"speaking of something " - talk about something and has more to do or need to do something else.
"There's nothing wrong with something..." - there is something you can do that may help you in other way.
occasional - once a while.

Language Tips:
literary narration -文学的叙述观点。
second-person narrative -第二人称的叙述方式。如本文，文章一开始就用“你”来开头。
third-person narrative -第三人称的叙述方式。一般的教科书或是百科全书都是用第三人称的叙述方式。
first-person narrative -第一人称的叙述方式。 以“我”作为叙述的方式，或以“我”为书中的主角，题材等， 大多出现在小说中.
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fruit -（不可数 n）水果。
fruit of all kinds contain healthy carbohydrates.任何水果都含有健康的碳水化合物。
fruit is delicious in the summertime. 夏天的水果很好吃。
不说 fruits are delicious in the summertime (因为feel very odd）
fruits - 当复述用时，只用在下面一例，use “fruit”  as a "symbol" . like below:
The fruits of my labor.-辛苦努力的成果，（在此句子中，用复数fruits）
fruits 是科学家用作专门术语作报告。通常我们只用单数"fruit"来说所有的水果。



Taking notes of study "Studio Classroom".

Can Your Desk Help You Lose Weight?

Sitting too much is bad for your health

黏在辦公桌前，瘦得下來嗎？ 久坐有害健康.

James Levine has reviewed the statistics: One in three Minnesota adults is either diabetic or pre-diabetic, and one in four is obese. And he thinks he's found the underlying ailment: "the sitting disease."

 "Sitting is sort of the new smoking," the Mayo Clinic endocrinologist said on the eve of an experiment designed to tackle so-called "lifestyle" diseases. He and a team of researchers from Mayo and the University of Minnesota believe that even modest increases in daily activity could help people lose weight and improve their health - and help control the nation's staggering health care bills.

Levine, who walks on a treadmill while he works and believes in "walking staff meetings," said similar studies have suggested that employees can burn up to 350 additional calories per day, reduce their health care costs and perform better at work by replacing two hours of sitting with standing each day.

To test that theory, Levine and his team dropped in on the Minneapolis offices of Caldrea, a maker of environment-friendly cleaning supplies. The desks of 30 employees have been replaced with adjustable "work-fit" stations, developed by the St. Paul, Minnesota-based company Ergotron, that give the employees the option to sit or stand while working on their computers.

The researchers began health screenings for the study in Mayo's "Obesity Prevention Bus," a lab on wheels. The bus will return to Caldrea every 30 days for three months to measure changes in employees' behavior and fitness. James Greenwood, a senior sales analyst and account manager for Caldrea, said he jumped at the opportunity to participate in the study because for the last 14 years, he's spent about 35 hours per week sitting at a desk. He found out that his body mass index (BMI) is 19, well within the range considered healthy, but he would like to get it lower.

He said he's tried everything from sitting on an exercise ball at his desk to biking and walking on his lunch breaks to stay active and alert in the office. "I think any time you get a chance to do something to break up your day or do something at work, it's wonderful," he said.

Greenwood transferred to Caldrea five months ago, and he said he's already seen how working for a company that "invests in his health" - Caldrea offers catered organic lunches and group-fitness outings - can improve office life. "Employees are definitely engaged," he said.

Grammar Tips:
And he thinks he's found the underlying ailment...
"underlying " -lying under something. here means basic or important.
Doctors could not determine the underlying cause of Andrew's medical condition.
Although lawmakers gave several reasons for their new proposal, the underlying issue was never mentioned.

Vocabulary Tips:
obese - "e" 发“i”长音。(o-bi-s ), extremely over weight. 肥胖，过胖。
*Obese teenagers often lack self-confidence and are withdrawn.
obesity (n)-肥胖，过胖
*The patient suffers from obesity.
staggering - 摇摇晃晃，瞒姍而行。此处意思是“巨大，难以置信的。
stagger - 摇摇晃晃不倒的。
*The movie's staggering production budget is record-breaking. 破纪录的巨大制作预算。。
*The company announced bankruptcy because of its staggering debt. 巨大（数量惊人的）负债。。宣布倒闭。
option -选择，选择权。choice.
*Nick had no option but to accept his parents' arrangement.
option-可选择的选项，项目或事物。ways of choice.
*There are three options for you to pay: cash, credit cards or personal checks.
analyst - a person who's job is to test and exam something very closely. 分析师。发音时，重音在第一音节。
*a system analyst. - 系统分析师。
* a financial analyst - 财务分析师。
analysis -分析。发音时，重音在第二音节。
*The article is an analysis of current racial conflicts.
cater -提供餐点或承办筵席。 provide you that food and service from outside.
catered dinner -晚餐有叫外烩提供服务。
a catered banquet - 提供外烩的宴会。
a catered wedding - 提供外烩的婚宴。
*The restaurant that catered the wedding banquet is famous in our town.
engage - 投入。使投入的。participating and involve.
engaged  (adj) -从事某种事物，投入某种事物。something that you are interested and participated.
*Tina has been engaged in charity work for many years.
*Patrick is deeply engaged in the development of new computer games.

Chat Room:
Sitting is sort of the new smoking.
"the new black " - black color is main color for fashion, but now there is some other color became popular, take place of black, we may say " something color is the new black."
Brown is the new black. 咖啡色是时装的新趋势。
" the new black "  apply to other usage such as "40 is the new 30" or " 30 is the new 20 ". it means that person is in 40's but look and act like 30's. or 30 look and act like 20. 40岁看起来像是30岁的人。。。
Sitting is the new smoking - 久坐如同吸烟，对身体有害。
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work (n) - （一般是不可数n）。
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多的工作要做，工作不加“s ”。
go to work, get off work or at work (work here is where the place you work at.)
go to work -去上班，去工作。
get off work-下班。
at work-在工作。。
the works of Shakespeare. ( work refer to a pieces of article,当文学作品，著作等，work 加“ s”。
work （n）- （当项目，工程时，work 加“s”。
public works - 政府的公共工程如建桥，铺路，造路，修桥，路灯，水利，航运建设等。work 用复数。

。

Fight Germs the Natural Way

Some medicines don’t come from a doctor 天然抗菌法 .有些良藥不需要由醫生開 給你.

No one wants to be sick. We try to avoid it by washing our hands, eating a healthy diet and taking supplements, but we're not always successful.  When we do get sick, we usually reach for over-the-counter medicines. If those don't work, we head to the doctor in hopes of getting some antibiotics  These important drugs kill bacteria, but unfortunately they also reduce our natural ability to fight disease. Over time, overuse of antibiotics not only affects our health, it also leads to bacteria that are resistant to the drugs, making them all the harder to kill.

The solution? Cut back on prescription antibiotics, and try some that nature has to offer.

Garlic -
Used as a medicine for thousands of years, garlic kills a wide range of disease-causing microorganisms. It also helps prevent heart disease and may even help to reduce fevers. This amazing plant may even help boost your immunity Garlic is used a lot in cooking, but heat destroys its medicinal effects. The best way to consume garlic is to eat it slightly cooked, raw or to take it as a supplement.

Oregano oil
Oil of oregano can be rubbed on the skin to treat itches and skin infections. The herb also fights sinus congestion and can ease an upset stomach. Oil of oregano, however, does not come from the common cooking spice. The oil comes from a different species of oregano.

Honey
Records show that ancient Egyptians used honey for its antibacterial properties around 4,000 years ago. A 2009 study done in Australia showed honey to be a very effective antibiotic.
It killed every bacterium it was tested against, including one that was resistant to 13 different antibiotic drugs.

Green tea
One of the ingredients inherent in green tea effectively kills certain kinds of oral bacteria. Green tea has many other health benefits as well, such as the ability to break down excess fat in the body. Add this natural antibiotic to you daily diet and be sure to swish it around in your month first.

Umeboshi
People swear by this sour pickled Japanese plum as a flu remedy because it kills viruses. In addition, it is helpful in curing food poisoning and other digestive ailments. The Japaneses actually say " An umeboshi a day keeps the doctor away!"

Grapefruit, brown Orion  also are very good nature food to help you fight with flu. 

Grammar Tips:
Cut back on prescription antibiotics, and try some that nature has to offer.
"cut back on" - to reduce or to decrease.
Exercise more and cut back on junk food.
I plan on cutting back my work hours so I can be with my family more.

Vocabulary Tips:
antibiotic - a medicine that to kill the bacteria in your body.抗生素。 "anti" - resist.反抗。
bio -related to life.与生命有关的
*The doctor prescribed a 3-day course of antibiotics. 三天期的抗生素。
*Claire is taking antibiotics for her ear infection.
overuse -use it too often or too much. 过度使用。 "over"-过度的, "use"-使用
*The singer overused her voice and now is resting to recover.
*The overuse of authority can cause rebellious behavior among teens.
immunity -ability to fight all the bacterial in your body to help you keep healthy.免疫力，抗体。
*Molly's immunity is weak. She gets sick very often.
*Regular exercise and positive thinking can increase your immunity against many kinds of diseases.
antibacterial - against bacterial. 抗菌的。anti -against.
bacterial -bad element that cause people sick.细菌的。
*The doctor recommended Steven to use antibacterial face wash for his acne.
*Nancy uses antibacterial baby wipes to clean her daughter's hands.
swish - move around, there is a sound come out. (here means that  move the tea liquid quickly around inside of your mouth, (make tea water circling around in your mouth) to get teeth protect.摆动或挥动，同时发出刷刷的声音。
*The horse is swishing its tail to get rid of the flies. 。。刷刷的挥动。。赶走苍蝇。
*Lin swished the ball through the hoop.。。刷刷的投进蓝框。
*The cleaning lady swished the curtains to let the sunshine in. 。。。哗啦啦的拉开。。
ailment -a fancy way to say "sickness." 病痛。
*Alan doesn't have any serious diseases, but he has suffered from respiratory ailments for years.呼吸器官的。。
*Lack of sleep can cause minor ailments.
Umeboshi- plum that pickled
pickled - vegetable or fruits processed with vinegar set  for a long period of time became sour taste.
supplement - refer to vitamins, that help you to keep healthy.
boost - strong lifted
species - a kind of , that related each other but different kind.
property - it can do something, it is make up of something that can serve for some purpose.
sinus (sai-nu-s) (n)-refer to nose, mouth, eye, ear etc that open space in your head.囊，经脉囊，下陷处，弯曲部，海湾。
congestion-混杂，拥挤，过剩，充血。air not clear, has stuff not supposed in it.

Chat Room:
all the better = even better. “更好”的意思。
all the harder = even harder. “更。。。
all the more = even more.
all the faster = even faster.
all the better is different from all the best.
all the best - you hope good things happen to someone.
I wish you all the best. 用于写信结尾的祝福语，客套话。
That's all the better. 。。。更好。
Moving to America helped me learn English all the faster.。。。更快。
Overused antibiotics not only affects our health, it also leads to bacteria that are resistant to the drugs, make them all the harder to kill.
all the harder to kill -更难杀死病菌。
-----------------------------------------------------------
swear -发誓。
Do you swear? 你发誓？
swear -宣誓。
swearing-in ceremony -宣誓就职典礼。
 to be sworn in -宣誓就职。
swear off something - 某样东西。
He is swearing off drinking.他发誓戒掉喝酒。（戒酒）
swear by something -（很口语的）指非常相信，信任或推荐某样东西。
People swear by this sour, pickled Japanese plum as a flu remedy.
swear -骂粗话，脏话。
Please don't swear.-请别骂脏话。

Fat Facts

Choose "good " fats for a healthier diet

For years dieters have thought the key to weight loss is a low-fat diet, but modern research shows this simply isn't the case. There are "good " fats and " bad " fats, ant it's important to keep a moderate amount of " good " fats in your diet.

Healthy fats are essential to your overall well-being. They promote good heart health as well as a strong immune system, and they are necessary for the absorption of some types of vitamins. So how do you know which fats are good and which are bad? A rule of thumb is that good fats are liquid at room temperature, and bad fats are solid.

There are a few easy adjustments you can make to your diet to make sure you're getting the good fats you need. First, cook with olive oil or vegetable oil instead of butter. Eat more fish, and choose lean white meats or meat with the fat trimmed off. Improve your salad with some chopped nuts and oil-based dressing, and skip the bacon bits and creamy dressing. Limit your intake of whole-fat dairy and any refined or processed foods. Believe it or not, you can lose weight while eating healthy fats. They'll curb your appetite, helping you to lower your calorie count. Make these few changes, and you'll be on your way to better health!

Grammar Tips:
A rule of thumb is that good fats are liquid at room temperature, and bad fats are solid.
rule of thumb (idiom) - a simple piece of practical advice that should work in general problems.
If you want to save money, a rule of thumb is don't spend more than what you earn.
A rule of thumb for investments is if it sounds too good to be true, it probably isn't true.

Vocabulary Tips:
" well-being " =　健康状态良好。
*Regular exercises can be beneficial for both physical and psychological well-being.
" well-being " -幸福。
*This health care policy will affect the well-being of the nation's people.　引响全国人民的幸福。
absorption (n)- take  something into something else. bring something in.　吸收，吸收过程。
*The absorption of new info takes time.　吸收新知识，需要花时间的。
*The doctor monitored the absorption of the medication.　
absorb (v) - take in, bring in.
*The medicine can be absorb through your skin.
curb (n )-　边拦，落马绳。limited, the edge of the road.
curb (adj) -control oneself not go over something. 控制，抑制。
*Regular counseling seems to help Edward curb his temper.　抑制住他的脾气。
*Sandra is learning how to curb her sudden urge to overspend. 突如其来，想花钱的冲动。

Chat Room:
fat -肥胖，肥肉。油脂。
choose good fats for a healthier diet.　
good fats -良性油脂，良性脂肪。
fat -肥。
** Anything regard to people's negative appearance, don't say " you are fat, you should on diet" or when you see someone's face has many pimples, don't bring it up or offer some help tips. even though you are in a good heart.
** Three things you don't ask for : 1. weight, 2. age. 3. salary.

Diet Myths

Get the facts, or your diet may fail!
節食迷思 弄清事實,不然節食可能會失敗!

Dieting is hard work, and there are plenty of  "helpful" diet tricks that can make weight loss even harder! Here are six common myths about losing weight and the truth behind them.

1. Carbs are bad for you.
Carbohydrates are actually an important source of energy. There are good carbs and bad carbs. Refined and processed foods, like white bread or white rice, are example of bad carbs: Good carbs include whole wheat bread and brown rice. They're rich in fiber and really good for you!

2. Skipping meals helps you lose more weight. 
One the contrary, studies show that people who eat breakfast tend to eat fewer calories throughout the day. And if you know you're going to be eating a big meal later, don't starve yourself in order to "save your calories." you'll just eat more during the meal because you're so hungry! Instead, eat smaller meals a couple days before and after, and exercise more.

3. You can control where your body loses weight.
Bad news - if you want a flatter stomach, just exercising your abs won't work. You can't target where you lose weight. Cardio exercises will help burn fat, while weight training helps build muscles. Your "trouble areas" might not be the first to slim down, but keep exercising!

4. Your weight depends on your genes.
If you and your family have problems with obesity, you're not destined to be fat. While a "fat gene" does exist, its influence on your size is actually pretty small. Smart eating and exercise have a much greater impact than your genes. Only 25 percent of your weight is controlled by genes - the rest is up to you!

5. Say "no" to junk food-no exceptions. 
Many people think that the key to losing weight is cutting out all bad foods. But the more restrictive your diet is, the more likely you are to break it - and in a big way. To lose weight and keep it off, eat great 89 percent of the time, but indulge in a treat or two the other 20 percent.

6. It's OK to splurge on the weekend.
Making bad food choices every Saturday and Sunday will have an effect on how much weight you lose. In one study, scientists found that when dieters ate what they wanted on the weekends, they undid all of their healthy progress during the week. Instead of choosing a difficult diet you need a "break" from every week, find one you can manage, and stick to it every day.

Grammar Tips:
Dieting is hard work, and there are plenty of "helpful" diet tricks that can make weight loss every harder!
"helpful " - "  " quotation using in the title or heading.  here it means sarcastic, opposite of what it says. (not help.)
I get "excited " whenever I have a dentist appointment. (not excited, not fun at all.)
Kinney hasn't done laundry for a very long time, but he'll try to find something "clean " to wear for his job interview. ( not clean. not washed )

Vocabulary Tips:
ab - is short word for "abdominal muscle "
cardio - is short word for " cardiovascular "
carbohydrate - "carb" -a short word for "carbohydrate ".  "hydr" -refer to "water"
*Carbohydrates are usually cheap and easier to obtain.
*Danny is diabetic. He should lower his intake of carbs. 摄取量。
refine - 精致。精炼，make certain way that take the substance out of it and make it look better and taste better. It means that take out whatever that make food healthy.  "fine" -优雅，精致.
*Ray spent days refining his speech. 润饰她的演讲稿。
refined -精致的，精炼的，细致的。
*The refined sugar is especially tasty in coffee. 精致糖是 。。。特别美味。
on the contrary -相反的。the opposite that what you might think.  "contrary "-与。。相反。
*The infection should have been controlled after the treatment, but on the contrary, it got worse.
destine-命定的，注定的，常用被动式。
obesity - extremely over weight.
* The couple both felt they were destined to meet.
* The girl was destined for a singing career.
destiny (n)-命中注定，命定。intend to be someone or do something, the only option that your future will be.
* Mark feels it's his destiny to become rich and famous.
indulge -使放纵，纵容，使沉迷 "in"- 有“使如何”之意。to have or enjoy something special, and also it  is very fun.
* After a long hard day, Rita decided to indulge herself in a hot bath.
indulge in -  放纵，享乐，沉迷在什么事上用 "in".
* Dave indulged himself in on-line games and almost lost his job.
splurge -尽量的吃喝， 放纵 。enjoy a lot of something or spend a lot of something on something.
* Many people tend to splurge when they travel and end up gaining weight.
* Chloe splurged her saving on clothes.放纵
restrictive -very strict with many limitation and regulation.
stick to - commit to , go for and not stop.
To best way to lose wight is to change your lifestyle, include the way of your living, work, eat, sleep and exercise etc.

Chat Room:
skip -越过，跳过，省略。逃课/翘课。
skip the question, go on to next.-考试遇到难题，先越过，作别的，等最后再来思考答题。
He skipped breakfast because he overslept.省掉，不吃。
Skipping meals helps you lose more weight.
skip work -旷工，翘班，逃班。
skip class / skip school -逃课/翘课
skip school / skip work = play hooky.逃课/翘课/ 旷工，翘班，逃班.
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genes/jeans =发音相同。字义不同。
Jean /Gene - 发音相同。字义不同。女生名/男生名。
genes -基因，遗传因子。relate to DNA.
jeans = blue jeans 牛仔裤简称。
Your weight depends on your genes.

Tuberculosis
This forgotten disease is still a big problem 結核病 這種為人淡忘的疾病仍 是一大問題
This disease spreads through the air, infects billions and is increasingly difficult to treat. While it might sound like something from a sci-fi movie, tuberculosis, or TB, is unfortunately all too real.


Today people in the developed world usually see the symptoms of TB -fever, fatigue, and coughing up blood - in movies and dramas. That's because TB is not evenly distributed around the world. Most common in Africa and Southeast Asia, it particularly affects those who are sick, poor and have little access to healthcare.


While most common in the developing world.  TB is far from uncommon elsewhere. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that on-third of the world's population is infected with the bacteria that cause TB. Fortunately, in most people the body isolates the bacteria, so the infection remains dormant for years - often never developing into the disease. All this changes, though, when an infected person's immune system is compromised. As a result, people who are sick, use drugs or have a very low body weight are also at higher risk of developing TB.


Until 50 years ago, there were no effective medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis. While all of that changed with the introduction of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance is rapidly becoming a problem in the fight against TB. At this point, antibiotic-resistant TB can often still be treated. Unfortunately, doing so requires the use of expensive antibiotic, often with negative side effects, for up to two years. Experts suggest that the best way to deal with this problem is prevention. Education is needed to ensure doctors prescribe the right medicines. In addition, patients must not stop taking their medicine as soon as they feel better.

While the fight against TB is a difficult one, there is hope. Though millions of people contract TB each year, the disease is actually becoming less common. Much of this is due to a combination of factors. Governmental and non-governmental agencies are targeting TB like never before. This has led to improved access to basic healthcare and medicines for those who are most affected. It has also increased awareness of the risks of TB and effective ways to avoid it.


Vocabulary Tips:
infect -germs pass on from people to people, or animal to animal. 感染。
*The doctor advised me to stay home so I wouldn't infect my colleagues.
*Thousands of people were infected with this deadly disease.
distribute -分派，分配，分发，分布。"dis " -分开
*Volunteers are distributing food and medical supplies to refugees.
*The board members will decide how the budge will be distributed.
infect with - 对某种疾病感染用"with"
Sci-fi -make up the science story .
elsewhere - also in other area or place.
isolate - separate from other things. would not mix up with other things.
dormant -静止的，潜伏的，隐匿的。Stay there, it could happen later.
compromise - (vt) does not function the way supposed to be. 损坏，连累。
*The company's image was compromised by the case.
compromise -(vi) 当 不及物动词时， 是“妥协”， 折衷，和解，让步。调停。
*William had no choice but to compromise with his boss on his project idea.
*Peter is a righteous man, he would not compromise his principles.放弃，让步（他的原则。
"far from" - usually means "distance" but here means "certainly not, definitely not", definitely not in a certain way.
TB is far from uncommon elsewhere. 
contiguous-会传染的。
treatment - a way or a help to cure the problem.
antibiotic - a king of medicine or chemical that can kill the bacterial of your body.
resistance - 抵抗力，dika"resist"-against-抵抗。.
* A healthy diet can help build resistance against diseases.
*The cancer cells have developed a resistance to certain drugs.
side effect -other problem created from the medicine.副作用。
prevention -to stop it may happen beforehand. "pre"-"beforehand"
prescribe -开药方。 write down the treatment or medicine for patient. "scribe" - write.
*The doctor prescribed the patient some painkillers.
prescription (n)-医生开的处方籤 the paper with doctor instruction of the treatment or medicine.
*The doctor gave me prescriptions for antibiotic and vitamin C.
combination -put together, come mix together.混和，结合。
*Fusion food is a combination of cuisines  from different cultures.
* This medicine should never be taken in combination with alcohol.
factor -reason.
contract (v)- to get it.
targeting - focus on, pointing out.
access - has ability to get something.
due to - because of.


Chat Room:
spread -蔓延，传播。
spread the word.
Some deceases are spread by mosquitoes.
The news spread fast.
The news spread like wildfire.
spread oneself too thin - means that scheduled too tight that make oneself run out of energy.把自己时间精力分配到各处，分散的很薄。
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fight -交战，搏斗。
the fight against TB.
fight off -涤除，敌退，消灭。
fight off a cold -敌退感冒。
fight fire with fire - fight with the same way the anermies and opponents do.以火攻火，以某人之道还治其人之事。

Sugar and Your Health

Sugar may tastes good, but its not good for you!

Are you health conscious? Then you probably watch the amount of fat in your diet. But remember to monitor the amount of sugar you consume as well. While sugar tastes good, its effects on the body are not. Consuming too many drinks sweetened with sugar can raise your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Drinking one to two sweet drinks a day raises that risk 26 percent according to a recent study of 310,000 people.

A sugary diet can also increase your risk of heart disease. When you consume more sugar than is needed for energy, the excess sugars form triglycerides. High levels of this type of fat are know to increase your risk of heart disease.

Studies show that countries where people consume large amounts of sugar also have many people who suffer from depression. Sugar also changes brain-wave activity, which decreases your ability to think clearly. So when you need energy, put down that candy bar and reach for some protein instead.

What is a sage amount of sugar to consume on a daily basis? The American Heart Association recommends that women eat no more than 25 grams of sugar per day. Men should limit themselves to 38 grams.

Grammar Tips:
Sugar may tastes good, but its not good for you!
Pattern of sentence : "while something + adj., but something else is not."-When you try to about something are totally opposite, skip a "adj" but people still understand it..
While Wendy's office is very nice and clean (organized) , but her apartment is not.
While the party of the examine is easy, but the second part is not.

Vocabulary Tips:
monitor (v)-watch something.监视，监控 (n)-监视器。
*The police monitored the suspect's phone calls.嫌犯的电话。
*The patient was carefully monitored after the treatment.
*The robber tampered with the monitor overlooking the counter.
excess- too much of something. 向外，多余，多出的，过剩的，额外的。
*Drain excess water from the fish before you deep-fry it. 把多余的水滤掉。。
*Parents need to pay an excess fee of 10 dollars if they pick up their kids after 6 p.m..
*We absorb a lot of excess fat and oil when we eat fast food.
recommend- suggestion, advice.建议，劝告。
recommend (that)-
*Some doctors recommend that babies under one-year-old avoid eggs.
*I strongly recommend making reservation early if you want to go to that restaurant.

Chart Room:
diet (n)- anything about eat and drink. food.一个人的饮食
You should eat a healthy diet.
You probably watch the amount of fat in you diet.
a sugary diet- food with sugar. 含糖的食物。
go on a diet- 减肥，节食，饮食控制。
I should probably go on a diet.节食
diet (v)-节食。
A lot of people have to diet to stay slim. 保持苗条身材。

Stop the Spread of AIDS

Despite great progress, the fight against this disease is far from ever

On June 5, 1981, the public first learned of a disease that soon became know as AIDS. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a report describing five men with a rare type of pneumonia. Two of the men had died.

Health workers were alarmed when other seemingly healthy young men developed similar symptoms. Scientists later realized that a virus had weakened the men's immune systems, allowing the sickness to attack. In 1984, scientists identified this virus and called it HIV.

Most people who contract the virus but do not receive treatment will develop the condition known as AIDS within 10 years. People with AIDS are in danger of having common colds turn into other sicknesses. By 1986, cases of AIDS had been reported in 85 different countries, making AIDS a global concern.

How is HIV spread?
Experts tracked the virus and learned that HIV is spread through contact with infected body fluids. This usually happens either during unprotected sex or when drug users share needles. Infected mothers can also pass the virus to their children during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.

Abstinence, limiting sex to committed relationships, using condoms and only using clean needles are ways to dramatically reduce one's risk of HIV infection. Over the last 31 years, the war against AIDS has seen some success.

Advancements in drug treatments have allowed HIV- Positive people to lead longer and healthier lives. Recently, anti-HIV drugs have been shown to prevent healthy people from becoming infected. In addition, prevention programs worldwide have influenced people's behavior, with the rate of new infections decreasing by nearly 20 percent over the last decade.

So experts fear young people are forgetting that AIDS remains a fatal disease with no cure. And although medications have improved, HIV-positive people must take them every day for the rest of their lives. Also, since the drugs are expensive, many low-and middle-income countries may never be able to offer universal treatment to their HIV-positive citizens. That means some countries are at risk of losing a generation due to the lack of life-saving drugs.

Since that first report in 1981, AIDS has claimed more than 30 million lives. people everywhere, both young and old, should make stopping the spread of HIV a priority.

Many challenges remain
Despite these successes, more than 7,000 new HIV infections occur every day globally - more than half involving people under the age of 25.

Grammar Tips:
People everywhere, both young and old should make stopping the spread of the HIV a priority.
People everywhere, both young and old.
subject + everywhere, (comma) both adjective and adjective.
According to the new law, citizens everywhere, both rich and poor, have to pay the additional tax.
Elementary shools everywhere, both public and private, will benefit from the extra government funding.

Vocabulary Tips:
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus.
symptom - 症状。症候
*A high temperature and headaches are common symptoms of this disease.
*The symptoms of the stomach flu might last for a week.
*The medicine can help ease the symptoms of the infection.
immune-免疫
*The ones who already got infected will now be immune to the disease.
*A healthy diet can help strengthen your immune system.
abstinence (from)-禁欲，戒酒, 节制 not to do something.
*The speaker preached about abstinence among teenagers and they appreciated his lessons.
*After months of abstinence from alcohol, he looked wonderful.
blood, substance.
advancement-前进，进展，有进步。 advance- 前进，在前的。improve, moving forward.
*This finding is considered a significant advancement in curing liver cancer.
*The advancement of this tennis player's ranking is due to intense training.
positive-确实的，确信的。此指“测验或病毒呈阳性。
HIV-positive :
anti-body positive : 有抗体
*THe swimmer tested postive for steroids and was suspended from the competition. 类固醇。
priority -优先考量的，
*Taking care of the baby is Molly's top priority for now.
priority -优先性，优先次序，通常用复数 priorities
*You have to get your priorities right before you make this career change.

Chat Room:
contract (n)-（ 'contract） 合同，契约
contract (v)-（ con'tract） 感染，感染到 Use this word for catch a serious disease. Caught a cold, we don't say contract a cold.
He contracted malaria in Africa. 感染到疟疾 （ma'laria)
Most people who contract the virus but do not receive treatment will develop the condition known as AIDS within 10 years.
Catch a cold - He caught a cold over the weekend.
come down with （片语） = catch. He came down with a cold over the weekend.
---------------------------------------------------------
Over the last 31 years, the war against AIDS has seen some success.
war-指大规模的，全面性的抵抗
battle-个人的博斗。
war on poverty- 抵抗贫穷的运动
war on drugs- 反毒运动
battle with drug addiction. 个人对抗吸毒，毒瘾。

Cavities: Going, Going, Gone

蛀牙不見了New research could make a trip to the dentist less painful by Ruth Devlin

Face it -few people joyfully anticipate a trip to the dentist. Time spent in a dentist's chair means discomfort in addition to the possibility of a lecture on how to better care for one's teeth. Dentistry routinely makes people's lists of most-hated professions, but most everyone would agree that a trip to the dentist is a necessary evil. This is especially true when it comes to fixing cavities. To do that, a dentist drills out the decay and fills the tooth with gold or other filling material.

New research, however, may make that process a thing of the past. A new peptide called MSH, which is placed in a gel or thin film and pasted next to a cavity, encourages cells inside the tooth to regrow. A study in mice showed that cavities treated with the gel disappeared in about a month. The French scientists who performed the study warned, however, that the gel does not prevent cavities.

People still need to brush several times a day, floss and use mouthwash to maintain good dental health. Also, it will be years before an MSH gel or film will be approved for use in humans.

Grammar Tips:
Time spent in a dentist's chair means discomfort....
"mean" -
What does "rough" mean? It means "not smooth".
time spent in a dentist's chair - it does not mean (definition) of discomfort.
"mean" here is when we talk about the situation has a certain result.
=Sitting in a dentist's chair is expected to be an uncomfortable experience
*Going to Aunt Susan's house means getting delicious apple pie and coffee.
*For most people, having a typhoon means getting a day off.

Vocabulary Tips:
anticipate-期待，期盼 know what going to happen, people are prepared for..
*The kids have been anticipating this trip for weeks.
*We didn't anticipate much opposition from the board when we proposed this change.
decay-朽腐，腐朽，蛀牙，（衰敗，荒涼，腐爛）。
decay(v)-getting worst, or being damaged.
decay(n) - the damaged area of teeth, the damaged thing.
*Eating too many sweets can cause tooth decay.
*The city has fallen into decay after the bombing.
*The wooden floor is in decay and it's hard to restore it.
gel-凝膠，膠狀物，a thick, clear liquid-like substance.
*The doctor rubbed some heat-resistant gel on the patient before he did the ultrasound. 超音波
*You have to use a lot of hair gel to keep that hairstyle.
Chloe doesn't like shower gel. She prefers soaps. 沐浴膠
peptide - a type of chemical.
mouthwash-a liquid put in your mouth, let it move around inside the mouth to clean your mouth and teeth.
painful- two meaning here (1)-physical pain, (2)a feeling that very discomfort, painful in feeling.
necessary evil, going to dentist is not a evil thing, it is an unpleasant thing, but it also a necessary thing.

Chat Room:
pulling teeth-拔牙.
is like pulling teeth -某事相當困難，很難達成，就像要拔對方的牙那般。hard to ask someone to do something.
Getting Billy to clean his room is like pulling teeth.
a kick in the teeth-粗暴對待，侮辱，出乎意料的被判。
sink your teeth into something.-興致勃勃，迫不及待，等不及的要去做（讀，看) eagerly to do
sink your teeth into the new book -買了新書，等不及的要去讀它。
have a tooth pulled.

Top 10 Ways To Stick To Your Workout

讓你運動持之以恆的十個訣竅 Keep exercising- you'll be glad you did by Michele Promaulayko

1. Show up and book it
Plan your workout in advance. Lack of planning continues to be the biggest reason people fail to work out. Ninety percent of people finish their workout if they just show up.

2. Make a date with a friend
Making a commitment to someone helps you actually keep it. Be sure to find someone on your same fitness level so you both will work toward similar goals.

3. Invest in a trainer
If you don't know what you're doing when you get to the gym, it pays to hire someone who does. A personal trainer will correct your form to make sure you produce results avoid injuries.

4. Find a happy place but watch the rut
The "perfect" exercise is the one you're happiest doing. so make sure you find yourself wanting to work out. With that being said, don't let your routine become as familiar as "Friends" reruns. Vary your routine day to day and completely change it every three weeks.

5. Cut a soundtrack
Leave the slow songs for the sappy. High-tempo music is a better distracter.

6. Write it down
Record your fitness goals in a journal and track your workouts. Note the exercises that make you feel good and produce results.

7. Work with him
Sharing activities with your partner is a surefire way to stick together. Exercise releases neurohormones that make people feel happier, more motivated and less anxious.

8. Take a chance and streak
Adrenaline-spiked adventures like rock climbing will help you better manage stress in everyday life, according to a study from Texas A & M University. By streak we mean for you to see how long you can go without missing a workout. Then try to beat that record.

9. Reward yourself
Celebrate reaching your goals by treating yourself to whatever you want. Book that appointment for a massage, or take a long, hot bubble bath. Reward yourself now because sometimes that short-term reward might be the only evidence of your long-term success.

10. Show off
A brand new haircut or fresh-out-of-the-box running shoes can be just the appearance boost you need for a great lift in the gym. And when you feel better about yourself, you're going to function better.

Grammar on the go:
With that being said, don't let your routine become as familiar as "Friends" reruns.
"considering what was just mention"
"with that being said"＝considering what was just mentioned.
..... make sure you find yourself wanting to work out.
You should find yourself wanting to work out, but be sure that you don't let your routine become as familiar as "Friends" reruns.
"with that being said"
The human body's defense system is amazing when it comes to fighting germs. With that being said, we still need to wash our hands regularly in order to stay healthy.
I can tell everyone has worked very hard on the project. With that being said, I still need to point out a few things that we can improve.

Vocabulary Tips:
workout (n)-訓練，健身，練習
*Regular workouts can help reduce weight.
work out (v)-健身，鍛煉身體
*Paul works out twice a week at the gym.
fitness-身體的健康，或是好的体能。体能的程度。
*I'm trying to improve my fitness by running every morning before work.
*The exercise program is designed according to your fitness level.　健康程度，狀況
be + stuck in a rut-刻版的模式。rut-定規，慣例，老生常談。
*George felt that he was stuck in a rut for too long, so he decided to change his job.
get out of a rut- 脫離老套，離開刻板的模式。
*It's time for us to get out of this rut and find more effective ways to run our business. surefire-一定會成功，必定會發生，不會失敗的。
*The popular band's new album is a surefire hit.
*Sharing your snacks is a surefire way to make friends at school.
anxious-焦慮，緊張，擔心。
*Charles is anxious about his test result.
*The farmers started to feel anxious about their harvest when they heard about the developing typhoon.
show off-賣弄，展現，炫耀
*Eric tried to impress the girl he likes by showing off his sports skills.
* David loves to show off his muscles at the gym.
*Patrick is showing off his wealth again.
neurohormone-"neuro" is related to "brain" , hormone-賀爾蒙
adrenaline spiked- adrenaline is a kind of hormone in your body, spike-add something to make it stronger; get excited.
streak- a period of time continue to do something, not miss any day.
distract- take attention off. distracter- something that can take attention off.

Chat Room:
sappy-過度感傷的，多愁善感的
sappy=Excessively sentimental　過多的感情，情緒的。
Leave the slow songs for the sappy.　緩慢的歌曲留給多愁善感的人
sappy love songs-感傷的情歌
soap operas often have sappy plot.肥皂劇的劇情常常加入"sappy"賺人眼淚
-----------------------------
track (n)-動物的足跡 , 縱跡(v)-追蹤。
track an animal-（獵人）追蹤動物
track your workouts-追蹤你的鍛練狀況。
keep track of something-掌握某事物，某様東西的行蹤
keep track of the books you check out.　記錄，追蹤。。借的書。
track (n)-跑道，操場上的跑道，
track and field-跑道和操場，指“田徑賽”
on the right track.-在正確的跑道上，指“做對的事”

Volcano Boarding — a Hot New Action Sport

火紅的極限運動：火山滑板 Travel to Nicaragua for a new adventure ride 到尼加拉瓜一遊，嚐嚐終身難得一遇的滑降經驗吧by Pamela Osment



Flying down a 400-meter-long slide like Taichung's Sky Pool provides plenty of excitement for most. But for those who like more extreme adventures, Nicaragua offers an even more exciting " slide" experience. Instead of sliding down water, people slide down volcanic ash on the side of an active volcano!


Volcano boarding began in 2005 when a local tour company came up with the idea. Since then, over 10,000 people have traveled to Cerro Negro to give it a try Cerro Negro is one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes. Riding down the side of a smoking volcano is an experience like no other.


How is it done?
After a 45-minute climb to the volcano's rim, riders put on protective gear. They receive brief instructions and then try sliding down a short slope. After that, it's time for the real thing! Sitting on a specially designed board, riders push off and fly straight down a 488-meter slope. The black volcanic ash provides a dusty, dirty ride. But boarders usually arrive at the bottom with smiles on their faces. With riders reaching speeds up to 82 km/h, volcano boarding offers a one-of-a-kind adventure ride!


More Information
An excerpt from the Bigfoot Adventure website reads. "After a 45-minute hike up the mountain we are standing at the top wondering how we'll get down! However, after a lesson on boarding and a quick 5-meter practice run, we are ready! At one moment we are sitting and waiting for a push, the next we are flying down the side of a volcano at 80km/hr!

Grammar Tips:
....for those who like more extreme adventures, Nicaragua offers an even more exciting "slide" experience.
...for the people who like more extreme adventures, Nicaragua offers an even more exciting "slide" experience.
"for those who"= is short for "for the people who....."
Every member in the tour group will get a sandwich and a drink for lunch for those who want to have dessert, they just need to pay $2 dollars more.
Most students have no trouble completing their assignments, but for those who need extra help, they could meet with the school counselor after school.

Vocabulary Tips:
extreme-極端的，激烈的，或是極度的。
*The extreme weather conditions made the desert journey really difficult.極端氣候
*Always use extreme caution when you take medication. 特別謹慎
come up with-想出某個想法或答案。
*After several hours, we finally came up with the correct answer to the difficult math problem.
*The students came up with several options for their new club's name.
rim- 邊緣
*The basketball bounced back from the rim.球框
*The rim of the glass was broken.玻璃杯的邊緣
*The rims of the tires are rusted and need to be replaced.輪胎的鋼圈
excerpt (n)-選錄，節錄，引用（句）引述。(v) 節錄

Chat Room
volcano boarding-
volcanoes-火山
active volcano-活火山
dormant volcano-休眠狀態的活山
dormant-睡眠狀態的
extinct volcano-死火山，長年沒有噴發的
extinct-已滅的，耗盡的，滅絕的，不再活動的
lava-岩漿。

20 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Your Body and Health - Part 2

讓你更健康的小道消息：第二部 More fascinating facts on nutrition, exercise and more. 小睡片刻、洗鼻、運動和Facebook全都可能對健康有益喔! Naps, rinsing your nose, exercise and Facebook all benefit your health by Health.com

11. A 20-minute nap can improve your overall alertness, boost your mood, and increase productivity. William Anthony, co-author of The Art of Napping at Work (Larson Publications, 1999), says the post-nap boost can last for several hours. In addition, your heart may reap benefits from napping. In a six-year study of Greek adults, researchers found that men who took naps at least three times a week had a 37 percent lower risk of a heart-related death.

12. Rinsing your nose with salt water can help keep you healthy and ward off allergy symptoms. Nasal irrigation is a cheap and easy way to find relief if you have spring allergies, nasal congestion, stuffy noses or post-nasal drip, says Dr. Melissa Pynnonen, co-director of the Michigan Sinus Center and an assistant professor in the University of Michigan’s department of otolaryngology. symptoms. Nasal irrigation is a cheap and easy way to find relief if you have spring allergies, nasal congestion, stuffy noses or post-nasal drip says Dr. Melissa Pynnonen, co-director of the Michigan Sinus Center and an assistant professor in the University of Michigan's department of otolaryngology.

13. Watching yourself run in a mirror can make a treadmill workout go by faster and feel easier.

14. Using a food diary can double a person's weight-loss efforts. Your food diary makes you accountable to yourself and provides you with clues on where the extra calories are sneaking in.

15. Third-hand smoke-the particles that cling to smokers' hair and clothing and linger in a room long after they've left-is a cancer risk to young children (and pets).

16. Regular exercise can lower a woman's cancer risk -but only if she's getting enough sleep. The National Cancer Institute followed 5,968 women for almost 10 years, during which 604 of them developed some form of cancer. Women in the top half of physical activity levels showed an approximate 20 percent reduction in cancer risk compared to those who exercised less. For a segment of those women, sleeping less than seven hours per night had a decreased benefit to exercise. Their cancer risk was greater than those who exercised but slept more-but still lower than those who exercised the least.

17. Foreign accent syndrome and exploding head syndrome are real (but very rare) medical. conditions. The American Sleep Association explains that a person with exploding head syndrome experiences a loud indecipherable noise that seems to originate from inside the head.

18. Walking against the wind, in the water, or while wearing a backpack burns about 50 more calories per hour than walking with no resistance. People who wear pedometers also tend to burn more calories and lose more weight.

19. Germ-killing wipes can spread bacteria from one spot to another if you reuse them.

20. Facebook may be good for your health: Studies show that staying in touch with family and friends can ward off memory loss and help you live longer.

Grammar
Your food diary makes you accountable to yourself and provides you with clues on where the extra calories are sneaking in.
makes you accountable=makes you responsible
accountable = responsible
to hold one accountable = to expect someone to be responsible in something.
to make someone accountable
* Mary is Mrs. Jones' personal secretary; that makes Mary accountable to Mrs. Jones.
Jeremy is the president of the student government, that makes him accountable to everyone in the school.

Vocabulary
reap (v)-收割，收获，获得
*Bobby has been generous to all of his friends and now reaps the benefit when he needs help.
*Jack reaped the rewards of good health by exercising persistently.
*The farmer reaped the grain with machines.
treadmill-健身用的跑步机 tread-步行，踏步 mill-转动的装置。
*This type of treadmill can elevate or descend.升，降
*Mom always watches TV when running on her treadmill.
linger-持续存留，俳徊，萦绕
The wonderful memory of the trip still lingers in my mind.萦绕
*The security guard were watching those guys who lingered around the building.在大楼附近排徊。
cling-staying, refusing let it go, not leaving.
particle-very small piece of something.
otolaryngology (n)- doctors who study of ear, nose and throat. A ear, nose and throat specialist.
ward off-keep at a distance, away from.
approximate-大约，大概的
*approximate budget for the advertising campaign is $2 million. 兢选活动广告费。。*The approximate arrival time of the incoming flight is 5:30 pm.
segment-部分，片断 seg-切断的
*People over the age of 50 make up the largest population segment of this country.
*Only a short segment of the speech was recorded.
indecipherable-无法理解的in-有否定之意decipherable-可破解的/可辨解的/可辨识（认）的
*The doctor's prescriptions were so indecipherable that the pharmacist had to call him to reconfirm. 确定

Chat Room
improve overall alertness, boost your mood, increase productivity-小睡20分钟，能够改善警觉性，提振心情，增加生产力。
improve / increase / boost
improve-改进，改善
increase-增长，增加，扩大
boost-提高，增加，提升，振奋，提振
----------
lower / reduce / deduct-通常用于钱方面,钱方面的减少。

lower减低，降低-lower a woman's risk of cancer-降低女性罹患癌症的危险性。

reduce降低，减少- reduce your grade. 降低你的成绩

deduct减少，扣除-After deduct the income tax , there is not too much left.扣了税，所剩无几。

20 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Your Body and Health - Part 1

讓你更健康的小道消息：第一部 Fascinating facts on nutrition, exercise and more 學學這些小道消息，可以增進你對營養、運動和更多領域的相關知識喔Expand your knowledge of nutrition, exercise and moreby permission from Health.com

In the spirit of those addictive, you-know-you’re-reading-them-even-though-you-wish-you-weren’t Facebook notes everywhere, Health.com presents its list of 20 random things you might not know about the human body, nutrition and exercise, sickness and health. Go ahead: Pass it on to your friends.

1. Dogs can smell cancer and low blood sugar. The Pine Street Foundation, a cancer-education and research center in Calif. published a study showing it was possible to train dogs to identify, based on breath samples, which patients had lung and breast cancer. In diabetics, the presence of ketones — substances made by the body during the metabolic process — can be smelled in urine and on the breath when blood sugars are high. Dogs can pick up on other smells that humans can’t when glucose levels drop.

2. Researchers at Cornell University found that people who pass through an entryway near the kitchen tend to eat 15 percent more than those who use the front door.

3. Four out of five doctors in the U.K. don't work out enough. Heavy workloads, lack of time and poor motivation contributed to the lack of exercise.

4. You can't get a tan from your computer screen. The Computer Tan Web site was created as a hoax to raise awareness about skin cancer.

5. Baking soda can whiten teeth, and garlic can help treat athlete's foot.

6. Smokers are four times as likely to report feeling unrested after a night's sleep than nonsmokers. Smokers often experience withdrawal symptoms at night, causing periods of restlessness and waking. Smokers were also 1.69 times likely to develop hearing loss than non-smokers, as smoking may affect antioxidative mechanisms or the blood vessels that feed the auditory system.

7. Eating fruits and vegetables may help the human body make its own aspirin.
Findings from the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry indicate that study participants who received benzoic acid, a natural substance in fruits and vegetables, could make their own salicylic acid. This is the key component that gives aspirin its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties.

8. Your kitchen sink is dirtier than your bathroom. Bacteria colonies with a total population exceeding 50 million can live on a single dirty sponge. And just think-that's what you use to wipe down countertops, forks and drinking glasses.

9. You're more likely to have a heart attack on a Monday, or up to three days after you've been diagnosed with the flu or a respiratory tract infection. The risk of dying from a heart attack increases by a third during outbreaks of the flu and related respiratory diseases. This was found by researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.

10. Vitamins don't seem to help older women guard against cancer or heart disease.

Grammar
The Computer Tan Web site was created as a hoax to raise awareness about skin cancer.
to raise awareness = to bring attention to
These community events raise awareness about HIV prevention.
Many celebrities are trying to raise awareness of children's issues.

Vocabulary
addictive-上瘾 make you have to have something.
These addictive online games not only cost money but they also wasted your precious time.
addictive drugs-嗑药
addicted-Jason has been addicted 上瘾to alcohol since he was young.
metabolic-新陈代谢
Exercising can increase your metabolic rate and help you burn calories quickly.
hoax-布局，玩笑，恶作剧。
The report of a fire at the school turned out to be a hoax.一场恶作剧
*He made a hoax call pretending to be the boss.开了个玩笑。
*I was hoaxed into believing his lies.被糊弄了
restlessness-unrest, body didn't get enough rest or sleep.
withdrawal symptoms- unpleasant, painful feeling, experience of lack of something. it cause by something he does'nt have. Without it he gets some painful symptoms.
auditory system-having to do with your ears and hearing 听觉的，耳朵的系统。
aud-与耳朵听力有关的
*He will have surgery next week to repair his auditory nerve.
antioxidative-anti-oxidant.
anti-inflammation-消炎
diagnose (n)-医生诊断报告 (v)-医生诊断
*The doctor made an initial diagnosis after analyzing the test results.
*So patient was diagnosed with severe depression.
*She was diagnosed with skin cancer last year.
outbreak-爆发，战争得爆发，或疫情的发生（扩散)，
*The outbreak of war caused chaos in the country.
*The outbreak of this highly infectious disease claimed many lives.
glucose-葡萄糖
athlete's foot-feet has fungus and itchy俗称的香港脚
Facebook notes-when friend sent to other friend note, questions or survey.

Chat Room
properties-(property)Real Estate,财产，房地产 here refer to special capability or power, it means its character.属性，特性。
aspirin has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. 阿司匹林有消炎止痛的特性或功能。
aspirin has special capability or power in anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving.
aspirin-在英美，阿司匹林非常普遍，已不再是注册商标，所以用小写, Aspirin-在德国或其他国家,阿司匹林还是公司的注册商标。还是要大写。
property of mettle-金属的特性。
--------------
work out (v)-Their marriage don't work out. This idea does not work out.
work out (n)-three meanings :1. exercise, 2. accomplish something, 3. out come.
1. we need to work out a solution to the problem.-解决一个问题
2. The situation is worked out-问题获得解决，产生结果。
3. Didn't work out-失败了。行不通。

Part 2 will be posted in March