Food Inventions

The stories behind the kitchen inventions we couldn’t do without
食物的相關發明 - 來看看不可或缺的廚房幫手的發明 經過.

What was involved in preparing your dinner last night? You probably have never stopped to think about it, but many processes and devices were involved before the food and drink appeared on your table. As a matter of fact, food preparation innovations throughout history have paved the way for safer, easier-to-make meals.

A focus on safety Pasteurization
One of the most important food discoveries occurred in the 1860s when French chemist Louis Pasteur found that by heating liquids, harmful bacteria could be destroyed. Before then, deadly bacteria in food and drinks to disease and death. Today food is much safer thanks to the process of pasteurization, named for this scientist.

Refrigeration
In the old days people placed food in cold streams or under snow and ice to keep it from spoiling. The quest continued, though, for a better method to preserve and store food. Finally German engineer Carl von Linde developed a way to liquefy gas in large quantities, a process that is required for refrigeration. He patented his refrigeration design in 1877, and many consider von Linde the inventor of the modern-day refrigerator, something no kitchen should be without.

An emphasis on convenience:
The egg carton 
Back in 1911, an argument in British Columbia, Canada, led to a useful invention. Eggs shipped by a local farmer to a hotel owner often arrived broken, and each blamed the other for the damage. To solve the problem, Canadian newspaperman Joseph Coyle designed a paper carton with small, hollowed out spaces that cushioned the eggs and kept them separated. Coyle's invention was so successful that we still use a variation of it today.

The can
In 1810, London resident Peter Durand invented metal cans that would hold and preserve food for long periods of time. The only problem was that people had to use a hummer and chisel to open them. Amazingly it took another 50 years before the can opener was invented by Ezra Warner.

The knife
Many believe the knife is mankind's oldest tool, with the earliest forms made from flint or a glass-like rock and then from metal around 2500 B.C. Through the years, the cutting device evolved into the handy tool we place so much reliance on today. While we in the 21st century take these inventions for grand, our lives would be very different without these indispensable kitchen aids.

Grammar Gym:
"....something no kitchen should be without."
No + " subject" should be without. - something is absolutely necessary for a certain subject.
This is a dictionary no language- learners should be without.
This is a card no shopper should be without.

Vocabulary Tips:
paved (pave v.) the way - make the way for something to happen.铺平道路，意即“为某件事铺路，或是预先作好安排。
*The TV singing contest paved the way to the singer's professional debut.
*The meeting successfully paved the way for the peace treaty.和平协议。
deadly - very harmful can be dead.致命的，致死的。
dead -死掉。
*The scientists have finally found a cure for this deadly disease.
dead (adv) - 极其的。
*The movie is deadly dull.无聊透了。无聊至极，无聊的要死。
quest -search for, seek for.索求，寻求。探索。
*The group's quest to find the hidden treasure was interrupted by severe weather.寻求宝藏的队伍。。 恶劣的天候。。打断了。。。
*The breakup didn't stop Renee's quest for true love.
liquefy (v) - make not liquid turn to liquid. 使液化。"liqu" -液体，
*Turn the heat up to liquefy the jelly. 果酱。
liquefaction (n) -液化。
*Natural gas liquefaction technology has been improved greatly in recent years.
"can't be without it (something ) - something is unnecessary. something is so depend on. couldn't do it without you (something)..
"have never stop to think about something" - slow down and stop the busy doing to think of something.
"as a matter of fact " - very common word, before you try to tell the "true". 事实上是。。。。
pasteurization -A chemist name Pasteur who discovered the way by heating up the liquid to kill the bacterial. this process named after Pasteur, the scientist.加热杀菌法，巴斯德氏病菌接种法。
refrigeration - the process and the happen within the refrigerator is called refrigeration.
carton - a paper box or container. 用来装饮料或食物的纸盒。
*There's no space in the refrigerator for this carton of orange juice.
*The boy drank a whole carton of milk the minute he came home.
variation (n) -a kind, not exactly same as the original, some changes have been made.变化体。  "vari" - 字根有“不同”的意思。
*This salad is a variation of a traditional Caesar salad.
variation   (不可数n)-（当不可数名词时）变化，差异。
*The research showed a wide variation in the performance of rural and suburban kids.
reliance - rely (v) 依赖。 something that you depend and rely on, can not without it. 倚靠，依赖。
reliance (on) - reliance on something or someone. 对什么人，事，物的依赖用“  ”。
*Tim is already 30, but his reliance on his parents is still very strong.
*Excessive reliance on exports affected the region's economy. 过渡依赖出口。。。影响。。该区域的经济。
indispensable -not able to without it, not able to throw away. similar meaning as "reliance".不可或缺的，绝对必要的。不能没有的。
*After years of hard work, Brenda became indispensable to the company.
dispense - throw away, get rid of.
dispensable -able to throw away。可以丢弃的。
*dispensable razors.-可丢弃的刮胡刀。
back in - go back to the time which is long long time ago.
argument - to fight with word or reasoning.
cushion - a thing that provide you some space make you fell more comfortable.
chisel - a iron flat, long and thin tool with a sharp edge at one end.
flint - a type of hard stone or rock.
mankind - people.

Language Tips:
thanks / thanks to ：
thanks - thank you.谢谢
thanks to = because of.由于，因为i，多亏了。。。
Today food is much safer thanks to the process of pasteurization.多亏了巴斯德氏的.加热杀菌法。。。。
thank you / thank to you - both are different meaning.
thank to you / thanks to you is mean " because of you." 在坏的方面有讽刺，嘲讽的意味。
Thanks to you. I had an upset stomach after I drank the coffee you bought me. 都是因为你买的咖啡害我。。。
No thanks to you. -你没有功劳。我不感谢你。
I finally graduated, no thanks to you! 我终于毕业了，但是你没帮我什么忙。give it back.
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take something for granted. 被视为理所当然的。
grant -you get without pay anything. is a gift freely give. 给与，授予。
take something for granted -享受一些事物视为理所当然的
take these inventions for granted.- 把这些发明视为理所当然的。
take someone for granted.-把一些人对你的好视为理所当然的。要懂得珍惜某人。（失去了，就后悔莫及）
Don't take anything for granted. -要懂得感恩，珍惜周边的人，事，物。


Taking notes of study "Studio Classroom"