Tuberculosis
This forgotten disease is still a big problem 結核病 這種為人淡忘的疾病仍 是一大問題
This disease spreads through the air, infects billions and is increasingly difficult to treat. While it might sound like something from a sci-fi movie, tuberculosis, or TB, is unfortunately all too real.


Today people in the developed world usually see the symptoms of TB -fever, fatigue, and coughing up blood - in movies and dramas. That's because TB is not evenly distributed around the world. Most common in Africa and Southeast Asia, it particularly affects those who are sick, poor and have little access to healthcare.


While most common in the developing world.  TB is far from uncommon elsewhere. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that on-third of the world's population is infected with the bacteria that cause TB. Fortunately, in most people the body isolates the bacteria, so the infection remains dormant for years - often never developing into the disease. All this changes, though, when an infected person's immune system is compromised. As a result, people who are sick, use drugs or have a very low body weight are also at higher risk of developing TB.


Until 50 years ago, there were no effective medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis. While all of that changed with the introduction of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance is rapidly becoming a problem in the fight against TB. At this point, antibiotic-resistant TB can often still be treated. Unfortunately, doing so requires the use of expensive antibiotic, often with negative side effects, for up to two years. Experts suggest that the best way to deal with this problem is prevention. Education is needed to ensure doctors prescribe the right medicines. In addition, patients must not stop taking their medicine as soon as they feel better.

While the fight against TB is a difficult one, there is hope. Though millions of people contract TB each year, the disease is actually becoming less common. Much of this is due to a combination of factors. Governmental and non-governmental agencies are targeting TB like never before. This has led to improved access to basic healthcare and medicines for those who are most affected. It has also increased awareness of the risks of TB and effective ways to avoid it.


Vocabulary Tips:
infect -germs pass on from people to people, or animal to animal. 感染。
*The doctor advised me to stay home so I wouldn't infect my colleagues.
*Thousands of people were infected with this deadly disease.
distribute -分派，分配，分发，分布。"dis " -分开
*Volunteers are distributing food and medical supplies to refugees.
*The board members will decide how the budge will be distributed.
infect with - 对某种疾病感染用"with"
Sci-fi -make up the science story .
elsewhere - also in other area or place.
isolate - separate from other things. would not mix up with other things.
dormant -静止的，潜伏的，隐匿的。Stay there, it could happen later.
compromise - (vt) does not function the way supposed to be. 损坏，连累。
*The company's image was compromised by the case.
compromise -(vi) 当 不及物动词时， 是“妥协”， 折衷，和解，让步。调停。
*William had no choice but to compromise with his boss on his project idea.
*Peter is a righteous man, he would not compromise his principles.放弃，让步（他的原则。
"far from" - usually means "distance" but here means "certainly not, definitely not", definitely not in a certain way.
TB is far from uncommon elsewhere. 
contiguous-会传染的。
treatment - a way or a help to cure the problem.
antibiotic - a king of medicine or chemical that can kill the bacterial of your body.
resistance - 抵抗力，dika"resist"-against-抵抗。.
* A healthy diet can help build resistance against diseases.
*The cancer cells have developed a resistance to certain drugs.
side effect -other problem created from the medicine.副作用。
prevention -to stop it may happen beforehand. "pre"-"beforehand"
prescribe -开药方。 write down the treatment or medicine for patient. "scribe" - write.
*The doctor prescribed the patient some painkillers.
prescription (n)-医生开的处方籤 the paper with doctor instruction of the treatment or medicine.
*The doctor gave me prescriptions for antibiotic and vitamin C.
combination -put together, come mix together.混和，结合。
*Fusion food is a combination of cuisines  from different cultures.
* This medicine should never be taken in combination with alcohol.
factor -reason.
contract (v)- to get it.
targeting - focus on, pointing out.
access - has ability to get something.
due to - because of.


Chat Room:
spread -蔓延，传播。
spread the word.
Some deceases are spread by mosquitoes.
The news spread fast.
The news spread like wildfire.
spread oneself too thin - means that scheduled too tight that make oneself run out of energy.把自己时间精力分配到各处，分散的很薄。
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fight -交战，搏斗。
the fight against TB.
fight off -涤除，敌退，消灭。
fight off a cold -敌退感冒。
fight fire with fire - fight with the same way the anermies and opponents do.以火攻火，以某人之道还治其人之事。

The Do’s and Don’ts of Business Cards 

What does your business card say about you? 名片的注意事項 你的名片透露了那些有關你本人的訊息?
What makes your first and your last impression on someone? Your business card It should make you memorable - in the right way! Below are some tricks of the trade.


*** Dress it up
Your image is important, and your business card should enhance your reputation potential clients or customers will judge you on the visual characteristics of your card. Don't cut costs. The thickness of the paper, The colors and the font are your identity.


*** Don't use clip art
According to Lolo Siderman, founder of Gypsy wing Media, clip art is the number one design element that can ruin a business card. Siderman states, "It looks cheap and diminishes the image of any company."


*** Make it snappy
Resist cluttering your card. Your card. Your phone number and email. address have remained the most important information on your business card for 20 years. Over communicating on your card makes you look needy.  A QR code on your card could make the connection to your website or marketing page. Cheap or free options can be downloaded easily. However, be sure you test it with many different smartphones before printing it.


*** Don't be sloppy
Check for misspellings, and then check again. Are all necessary details there ? Is your card disorganized, or can information be easily found?


Remember - it's all in the design!


Vocabulary Tips:
impression - what people think about you.
dress something up - make something look pretty.
enhance - to improve the quality of something.
font - a type of letter or a set of letter. 字体
identity - that represent you. 身份。
reputation - the image of you. 形象
"Clip Art" - a website.
diminish - make something less, reduce  of something. 缩小，减少,"dimi"  小的意思。
"QR" - Quick Response Code.
snappy - something is memorable, visually believing, attract people's attention that people want to take look at it. Media effect to catch or capture your attention. 原指“快一点，赶快” 延申出“内容简洁易读的”，简洁，明快的， 漂亮时髦的。
sloppy- opposite of " neat", messy, careless, lack of enthusiastic, being lazy.松散无序的。
misspelling - not correct spelling.  "mis" - incorrect, wrong.
disorganize - 是搅乱，使混乱，使瓦解。  "dis" -means "negative,  not,"有否定“之意。
organize -使有系统，有组织，有安排的。
disorganized (adj)- not being in order.
"It's all in the something" - everything is depends on something. How something is so important that deserved a great attention.
* Making a nice wheat brand it's all in the knitting.

Chat Room:
dress up / dress down - 指穿着打扮。
dress up - wear nice or best cloth, make yourself looks good in appearance.穿正式的服装。盛装，将自己打扮得考究，体面。（文中意思是把名片设计的精美好看有质感）
dress down - to wear casual dress, jeans and T-shirt, shorts etc, wear comfortable, relax clothing.便装打扮。 普通穿着，不需考究。太正式。
dress down for the beach party.

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Unusual Art Forms 
奇特的藝術形式 
Art comes in all shapes and sizes 藝術有著各式各樣的 形態與大小


When you consider art, what comes to mind? It may not always be what you think. Art can take almost any form you can imagine! Check out these examples of art that are a little out of the ordinary.


Chopsticks
Many, many disposable chopsticks are thrown away every year. When Bryan Parks learned how many were being wasted, he decided to make a change. He wanted to make people more aware of recycling. So he collected and cleaned used chopsticks. Then he made them into art that can also be a household item. He sells purses, lamps and more, all made of chopsticks.


3-D to 2-D
Many artists try to make their paintings as realistic and 3-D as possible. Alexa Meade does the opposite. She paints real live subjects and then takes their picture. The colorful strokes make them look like painted figures, not real people. In the photos they appear flat and 2-D, just like a painting.

Textile Art
Debbie Smyth "draws" on walls - with thread and pins! She strings the thread from pin to pin to make designs of places and things. It takes several days to complete one of these "drawings." Part of the art is just watching her install it!


Sand
Sand can tell a story. How? Ilana Yahov uses it as a medium in live performances. She spreads sand over a surface and then draws in it with her fingers. Music plays, and the audience watches as she creates a picture. Then she wipes it out and draws another one. Together, these pictures tell dramatic tales.


Kinetic Art
Some art can move by itself! Theo Jansen uses plastic tubes to make giant sculptures he calls "beach animals." They are made of hundreds of these tubes. When the wind blows one part, it moves another part, which moves another. The result? A motorless machine that "walks." Sometimes creative artists use unusual materials to from the most interesting kinds of art!


Vocabulary Tips:
out of the ordinary -unusual, not normal.不寻常的，  "ordinary" -normal, usual.寻常的，普通的，平凡的。
*It is out of the ordinary for the boss to come to the office on the weekend.
*Susan is late to work today which is out of ordinary for her.
disposable - can be thrown away after used.用后即可丢弃的。 "dispose" -处理，解决，丢弃。
*disposable gloves.-可丢弃的手套。
* a disposable camera.- 即可拍的相机。
*disposable contact lenses. 可抛弃的隐形眼镜。
*disposable paper cups.
opposite - 相反的事物或看法。complete different. "the opposite" 与 （事物或看法）加“the ”定冠词。正好相反。
*Whatever I tell my teenager son to do, he'll  just do the opposite.
*My father is a very easy going person but my mother is just the opposite.正好相反。
to take any form - to be in any form, any appearance or  any way.
*Love can take almost any form.
consider - think about, expect.
stroke- line made by pen or brush.
medium -中号，中等的。
medium / media (medium 的复数形 ) -媒介，媒体，中介。a way or a method to express something.
*Internet is one medium that people use to communicate.
media -媒体
*The royal wedding got a lot of media coverage.
wipe out -彻底消灭，毁灭，清除，摧毁。
*Mother wiped out the inside of the oven。 彻底的清除
*The long term disease wiped out all her savings.
*The bombing wiped out the city.
sculpture -雕像，立像，立雕。雕刻的东西。 sculpt -雕刻
*The artist's bronze sculpture will be exhibited in July.
*Word sculpture.
*Red sculpture.
*Stone/Rock sculpture.
sculpt - 雕刻
*He sculpted this lion out of a stone.
sculptor (n) - call a "person who does sculpt work." 雕刻家，雕刻的人。雕刻大师。
Picasso is not only a painter, he's also a sculptor.
install - put things together.
Textile - a kind of cloth.
tale - short story.
street performance - anything performing at the street.

Chat Room:
art-艺术。
piece - 件（数）
a piece of art  or a work of art.- 一件艺术作品。
work -也指“作品，著作”
a literary work -文学作品（著作）
the complete works of Shakespeare. 沙士比亚完整的著作（作品）。
artwork -指“一本书或杂志里的插图。不是‘艺术品”
I love the artwork in this children's book.　插图
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string - 绳，絃， 带，串，絃乐器。 条件。限制，特约记者。排成一排。
to string (v) - 用线或绳把它串起来。
She strings the thread from pin to pin to make designs of places and things
string -网球拍或是吉他，钢琴的絃。
string the guitar.
re-string / re- strung (string 过去式 ) 重新穿絃。
string something out -
Their argument was strung out for several weeks.

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Finger Monkeys 

These cute creatures thrive in South American forests手指猴 這些可愛的生物在南 美森林裡生長旺盛
Pygmy marmosets spend their days climbing along tree branches, but they are small enough to wrap their arms around your finger as well. Also called finger monkeys or pocket monkeys, they are among the world's smallest  primates. Adults weigh only 120-190 grams, with bodies between 11 and 15 centimeters long Finger monkeys' dark ringed tails are longer than their bodies - 17 to 22 centimeters, to be precise. Their tawny color and the fur around their faces have also earned them the nickname "tiny lions." Pygmy marmosets inhabit forests and the edges of farmers' fields in South America.


They dig holes in trees with their sharp claws to eat a gum formed from the trees' sap. They also eat leaves, fruit and some small reptiles. Finger monkeys live in groups of six to 10, consisting of one male, one female and their offspring. The father and older offspring care for the babies during their first few weeks of life. It takes about two years for them to become adults, and they usually live between 11 and 15 years. Some countries permit people to keep finger monkeys as pets. These little creatures can be aggressive and require lots of attention, however. But for some, the delight having these adorable animals clinging to their fingers makes the effort of caring for them worthwhile.


Vocabulary Tips:
inhabit -live there.居住于，栖息于。。 "hab" －有“拥有，保持”之意。
inhabitant - the people who live there.　居民。
*There are over 100,000 inhabitants in the suburban areas of the city.
offspring - descendant, children from people or animal.　人或动物的子孙，后代。
adorable -very lovely.可爱的。 "adore" - lovely.喜爱，热爱。
gum - a type of material, sticky and chew-able.
sap - a liquid in the tree. Maple syrup.
Special birds, insects and animals inhabit there.

Chat Room:
weight/weigh (v)-　重量／重。
how much do you weigh? (not " how much weight do you have?)
weigh  (v)-　重（多少）。
I weigh myself once a week.
I weigh only ....pounds.
The finger monkey weigh only 120-190 grams.
weight (n)-重量
What is your weight?
weight (adj)-重要性，影响力，分量。little weight, heavy weight on something.
His opinion carry a lot of wight with us。

Energy Drinks – Good or Bad?


Can you get lasting energy from a drink?
能量飲料究竟是好是壞? 可以從飲料中獲得持續的能量嗎?


Hi, Amy, How are you doing? You look really tired.
I am so exhausted, I didn't sleep at all last night.
Why? What were you doing?
I was studying for my world history test. I started studying at 11.00, and I didn't stop until 8.00 this morning. I don't want to flunk.
Wow! How did you manage to concentrate for that many hours? I would have pass out on my books long before 8.00 this morning.
Simple, I had an energy drink.
Really? Do those drinks really help you study? I knows they're loaded with sugar and caffeine.
In my opinion they are very effective, the caffeine in the drink give me a little energy boost. When I drink one. I don't feel tired or sleepy when I forced to study for hours on end.
So you think they are pretty useful when you need to stay awake.
Definitely. A lot of people in our class have been drink recently. Energy drinks are so in style right now. You should try one sometime.
Yeah, I've seem a lot of commercial for energy drinks on TV and in magazine. They are popular.
The vibes (of the energy drinks ) are really cool. But I've also read that they are extremely unhealthy.
Oh, really? in what ways?
Have you read the list of Ingredients in energy drank? I've already said they are full of sugar and caffeine.
I know. Bud so are many kinds of soda, and energy drank have vitamin and exotic natural ingredients. Those are good for my health.
That's what this ads want you to believe. but don't be fooled. the actual amount of beneficial in ingredient is very low. It's the sugar and caffeine that give you energy.
What's wrong with that? We eat sugar in our everyday foods, don't we? And coffee has caffeine.
True, but it's the huge concentrated amount of sugar that give you the sugar rush. And than when the Energy drink loses power you feel even more tired than before. ( you are getting a crash feeling.)
I guess that makes sense.No wonder I feel so exhausted right now!
And that caffeine can help you stay awake, but if you keep depriving yourself of sleep, you're asking for trouble.
Maybe energy drinks aren't so great after all. I think I'll start studying earlier next time. That way, I won't need to resort to energy in a can (or a bottle).

Vocabulary:
flunk - fail the course of study, class or exam.不及格。
pass out - not awake, lost conscious. 昏倒，昏睡。
load - to have (get, obtain, fill up) a lot of something. 装载，充满。， 载满了，充满的。
*a loaded gun.
caffeine -elements can find in coffee, keep awake.
"in my opinion" - very useful phrase, that you don't know it for sure or true, but you think or believe by your own experience.
boost - to improve, increase or raise up something. boost confidence, energy or joy.
definitely - certain, without any doubt.
vibe- - 气氛，感觉。常用复数。the atmosphere that make you feel good in mood or character. 发(vaib)
exotic - not common, come from far away place or other countries.
fool - to trapped.  "to be fool "- 被愚弄 "don't be fool " -别伤当，别被愚弄了。
beneficial - food for you. 有益的，有利的，由帮助的。对某个对象有益有帮助， 用 "to"
benefit (n)-益处，好处。
concentrate - take away water or other stuff, more it's element in it. 集中，浓缩。
concentrated (adj) -浓缩的，精炼的。
sugar rush - (boost energy ) give a lot of energy by sugar.
exhausted - crash, after energy is gone from sugar,
deprive - take something away or to not allow to happen. sometime people use it as punishment when someone did something wrong, take what that person's enjoyment away for a while as a punishment.
resort (n) - vacation place or hotel.度假中心。度假村。
resort (v) - have to do or have. can not be without it. If handle things right at the beginning it might not need at the first place.  诉诸于。。， 依靠。。， 求助。。
resort to -seeking help or asking help, depend on something. 求助于。。

Chat Room:
recently /lately -最近。
recently - thing have one time only in the recent past. 单一的一个事件。只发生过一次，一定要用“ recently ”。不能用“lately.” but "recently" can be use for both, just happen once or many times.
I saw her in the library recently ( only happen one time.)
Lately -happen a lot, not just once. 重复发生，不只发生一次，用“lately”（最近）， 且是用现在完成式。
I saw her coming in the library (a lot ) lately. (she came often, happen many times)
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caffeine -咖啡因，重音在后面“ ine ”。
decaffeinated coffee 低咖啡因的
de-to remove, to take away, to reduce.
caffeinated -有咖啡因的
coffee or caffeinated coffee -Coffee has caffeine.
decaffeinated coffee -  咖啡因成分低的，低咖啡因的咖啡。简称short for "decaf "
decaf - decaffeinated coffee/

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Hokkaido

Exciting experiences await you on Japan’s beautiful northern island
北海道 日本美麗的北方島嶼有 著刺激興奮的體驗等待 你來探索


Every winter, skiers rush to Hokkaido, Japan's northern island, for wintry fun. But summer in Hokkaido offers other kinds of adventures.


Daisetsuzan National Park
Known as the "roof of Hokkaido."  Daisetzuzan is home to some of the island's largest mountains. The park also includes Hokkaido's highest mountain. The scenery makes it worth visiting at any time of the year. Some types of the park's plants and animals only live in that area. Take a guided hike through the park, leaving from the nearby city of Furano.


In the park's center lies Soun-Kyo gorge, with 100-meter cliffs rising on either side. The gorge's crashing waterfalls and interesting rock formations attract millions of visitors yearly. Ride the kuro dake lift to view Mt. Daisetsuzan from a height of 1,700 meters. Or hike or bicycle through the gorge. After all that exercise, you'll need some relaxation. Enjoy the natural hot water at Soun-Kyo onsen  (hot spring) in the center of the gorge.


Furano Festivals and Workshops
During the summer, lavender flowers fill the fields of central Hokkaido. In July, the fields near Furano are also filled with lavender Festival celebrations. These include children's shows, live music, fireworks displays and more. All year long, you can express your creativity in one of Furano's workshops. Learn to make sausage bread and cheese, or create your own glass art, cloth or pottery.

Rishiri-to  and Rebun-to
Leave Hokkaido by ferry or plane to tour these small but beautiful northern islands. In the center of Rishire-to lies Mount Rishiri-zan. Those who complete the challenging climb to the top will be reworded with an impressive view. From its top. you can see all of Rishiri-to and some nearby islands. Continue north across a   small stretch of water to admire Rebun-to's gentle hills and fields. This island's elegant beauty has earned it the name "floating island of flowers." Enjoy hiking through its colorful fields and along the rugged coast.

Asahikawa Street Performance Festival.
In 1966, the city of Asahikawa on Hokkaido set apart one street as a shopping area where vehicles were forbidden. To celebrate, local people hold a festival of street performances each year. Jugglers, mimes and more fill the street, creating an artistic event you won't want to miss. Before leaving Asahikawa visit the Asahiyama Zoo. Japan's number-one zoo. It has about 50 different species of animals.

Outdoor Adventures
Near many of Hokkaido's cities you can try a wide variety of exciting activities. For instance, racing down a river in a raft  or canoe is a great adventure. It will let you enjoy the beauty and power of Hokkaido's clear rivers up close. When you're done rushing down the river, try floating in the sky! Furano, as well as some other cities, offers rides in hot air balloons. Leave worry behind, and admire Hokkaido's beauty from above.

This summer, visit Hokkaido. You'll never forget this remarkable place!

Vocabulary Tips:
adventure -冒险，探险。(n)冒险精神。
scenery - （不可数名词）景色，或风景。"scene" -景象
crash-冲撞，碰撞，坠落，或发出轰然响声。
crashing (adj)-澎湃的，发出巨响的。
crashing water - water fast in movement and make big noise.
cliff - 悬崖
gorge- 峡谷。a part of the land, very deep, some source of river around it, the cliff mountain on its both sides.
in home to (some of )- things you can find there and are only stay there.
Hokkaido -日本的北海道
celebration -庆祝，庆祝典礼（活动）。 celebrate -庆祝。
celebratory -庆祝的。
*We has a celebratory pizza party after winning the game.
celebrated -著名的，有名气的。
a celebrated musician -
reward - you get something from what you doing or enjoyable. Will be rewarded. 通常用被动语态。
pottery -陶瓷，陶器，陶艺。
forbid -not allow. 禁止，不允许。verb+ing.
forbade -（过去式）
forbidden - （adj)
forbidding - 进行式"double "d"
juggler-a person does the juggling.  juggle -three or more ball throw in the air,  throwing and catching  continue acting.
mime - a silent show, tell a story with body expression without say a word.
species -different kind of things but in a the same group.物种。单，复数写法一样。
endangers species. 频临绝种的物种。
float - move very slowly and smoothly through air or water.
rashing -moving quickly, almost you can feel pushed by someone.
up close - right there up to it.    
variety - 多样性，多样化。
"a small stretch" - stretch - make long, move/action by pulling to make it longer.or line up or set up in the road.
*stretch rubber bends.
*Only a half hour but it seems a stretch time.
elegant - something is very attractive, very graceful, very nice and beautiful.
rugged - old, not smooth,not even, opposite of "gentle".
gentle - is very smooth, not having too many rocks.
lift - a kind transportation with open air, has chair for people to sit on, rise up and moving, take people to the higher place.
consult - (vi) 以专家身分提供意见。(vt)1。请教咨询。商量。2。顾及，考虑到。3。参考，查阅，磋商。
discuss -(vt.) 1.津津有味吃或喝。2。论述。(vt./vi ) 讨论，辩论，议论。
talk over- (phr) 讨论

Chat Room:
waterfall -（可数名词）瀑布，one waterfall, seven waterfalls.
falls (n) -瀑布， （集合名词）
the falls -通常是在前面提到waterfall，后面就用"the falls " 来表示。用“单数动词is"
whitewater -水量大，水势急，急流激起的白色大浪花，看似白色的水花。
whitewater rafting - 皮筏可在急流中行驶的。
rapid -quickly. very fast.迅速的。
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scenery/view -风景，景色。
scenery-（不可数的n.）用单数动词 "is"，指整个的景色，风景。
view -可数的n。 从某个地点（山顶）看到的景色，风景。What a beautiful view.
will be reworded with an impressive view.
a change of scenery.-换个环境。
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hot air balloon -热气球。
hot air -热气。
hat air -夸张空洞的话。
full of hot air = full of it. 一个人一天到晚都在吹牛。就可说他是"full of hot air" or 更简捷的说 "full of it".
He is full of it. 他是个光说不练的人所说的都是空话。
His promises would be a full of hot air.

Queen's Diamond Jubilee


Queen Elizabeth II celebrates 60 years as Queen of Britain
英國女王登基鑽禧 英國女王伊莉莎白二世登基六十週 

England's monarch has a lot to celebrate. She has a daughter, three fine sons, several grandchildren and now a Diamond Jubilee. This week the United Kingdom celebrates her 60 years on the throne. Britain has given everyone a long weekend, June 2 to 5, to honor the Queen.

Celebrations in London include a parade of ships on the Thames River and a concert at Buckingham Palace. Other countries, including Canada, Australia and New Zealand, will stage their own the next few months. Diamond Jubilee events. Elizabeth become queen when her father, George VI. passed away on February 6, 1952.

The current queen is the second longest-reigning monarch in British history. Her great great grandmother, Queen Victoria reigned for more than 63 years. Starting in Marsh, the queen, who turned 86 in April, and her husband, Prince Philip, 90, began to travel around Britain. They made numerous stops in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Prince William and his wife will travel in the Asia-Pacific region later this year. Other royals will visit other countries in the 54-nation Commonwealth as part of The Queen's Jubilee celebration.

The commonwealth tour is designed to continue to raise the popularity of the British royals in the eyes of the public.

Vocabulary Tips:

Jubilee - 纪念，庆典，特别是指“某个年分的庆典。

Silver Jubilee -25 年纪念庆典。

Golden Jubilee -50 年纪念庆典。

monarch-refer to king or queen rule and reign the country. president is not considered as monarch.

throne (n) - a kingship.   (v) - rule over, in control, reign. 王位，王权。

reign -in control, on the throne. 统治，掌权。

commonwealth - a group of counties has same government goal.

be..on the throne-在位的。在王位上的。

raise- go higher, or to make something better or stronger.

Chat Room:

pass out- people out of conscious .昏倒。人失去知觉。

pass away - a nice and polite way to say "died". or "pass on", both are refer to "died ". 过世，死亡，

euphernism -委婉的说法。如中国人礼貌上不说‘死了’ 而说‘过世’，‘去世’，‘走了’一样。

Christian say "has gone to meet his maker" or "He is in a better place"  instead of "died" 基督徒通常不会说‘他死了’而会说‘他去见他的创造者，造物者‘或说’他到更好的地方去了‘。

Summer at the Cinema.

What can you look forward to this summer at a theater near you.

Summer is just around the corner, and if your're a movie fan, that means plenty of reasons to head for your neighborhood theater. You could call this the summer of the "threequel." Many film franchises are releasing  a third installment over the next few months.

Your favorite zoo animals are back in Madogascar 3, Europe's Most Wanted. Third entry in the animated series finds Alex the lion, Marty the zebra: Gloria the hippo and Melman the giraffe joining a traveling circus. They hope to make it safely back home to New York city from Europe, where they were stranded on their way home from Africa.

In Men in Black III, Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones return as Agents J and K to fight the ongoing battle against extraterrestrial invaders. Details of the film's plot are being kept secret but it is known that Josh Brolin will play a young version of Agent K. Christian Bale returns as Batman in The Dark Knight Rises, the third entry in director Christopher Nolan's Batman series. This time, Gotham City is threatened by a terrorist character named Bane. Anne Hothoway, co-stars as Catwoman, and Michael Caine reprises his role as Alfred the butler.

Brave, the latest Disney/Pixar animated adventure, is set in ancient Scotland. A young, impetuous princess and skilled archer named Merida refuses to follow an ancient custom of her people. The resulting chaos forces her to use her skills and discover true bravery before it's too late.

In Jack the Giant Killer, a modern update of the fairy tale, a young farmer named Jack leads an expedition into the land of giants. He plans to rescue a kidnapped princess. The film is sure to have some amazing special effects. The fourth Ice Age film, Ice Age: Continental Drift continues the adventures of Manny, Diego and Sid. The prehistoric pals float on an iceberg and encounter numerous new creatures, including pirates.

The prequel The Amazing Spider-Man takes audiences back to the teenage yours of Spider Man. British actor Andrew Garfield stars as a young Peter Parker. The plot has Spidey taking on a villain called The Lizard. What's not to love about a chase through New York City? In the thriller Premium Rush, a bicycle messenger is pursued by a policeman. He wants an envelope that the messenger is carrying.

See a movie this summer, you'll be glad you did.


Grammar Tips:
The film is sure to have some amazing special effects.
"is sure to have" - is certain to + "verb". something for certain.

Vocabulary Tips:
installment- a new piece that always set a goal.分期出版，分期刊登的一部或一集。分期付款。
strand - stuck, not able to leave the place or position. 处于困境，一筹莫展的，使搁浅或使处困境。
extraterrestrial -外星的。 "extra" -在某范围之外的。 "terr"-地球。（重音在第四音节）
impetuous -冲动，鲁莽的。do something before or without thinking.
*The impetuous speak caused him a lot of trouble.
*The manager's impetuous decision made the company lost a lot of money.
expedition - 远征或远征队。探险或探险队。 "ex"-“向外”， "ped"- “脚”。  is a journey to find adventure.
chaos -暴乱。骚动。 no order, beyond understanding, totally confusion, nothing make sense.
reprise - repeat something which you did it before. " play the same character again".
homecoming - people coming back from all over the places.
franchises - film, book, movie are in the same franchises industry.
animate - not real, all characters are drew by the people and put life to them.动画的。

prehistoric -before the history has wrote.  "pre"－“之前的”。  "historic" -历史性的。
prehistoric - 也指“老旧，完全过时的”


Chat Rooms:
corner -角落，路，街道或室内的角落，转角。
in the corner - 在室内的某角落。"in" 指室内。
*The mouse is hiding in the corner.
at/on -在。。
I can meet you at the corner of First street and Main street.
There's a gas station on the corner.
"at" the corner - more specific and clear about the location. 特定且明确的位置。
"on" the corner -something is existing and always there.坐落，已有的，而且一直在的。
Summer is just around the corner. - Summer is arrive, coming soon.
kitty corner - 斜对角。
The hospital is kitty corner from Vic library.
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brave (adj)-勇敢的  (v)-勇敢的面对。under go or go with something in courage.
brave the (bad) weather -
brave the storm.勇敢的面对风暴。困难
elements - something like "strong wind, heavy rain, or snow", nature acts.大自然的力量，作为。
brave the elements - 勇敢的去面对大自然的作为（天灾）。
in the (someone's) element -所处的境况。一个人所适用，习惯的环境，处的自己习惯，喜欢，擅长的环境里，如鱼得水，乐在其中。
out of his element.-处于不快乐，不习惯，不合适的环境。


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